This note demonstrates that a certain class of stochastic problems for determination of optimal fertilizer application rates in the presence of fertilizer carry-over can be simplified to static, certainly equivalent problems. Conditions required for certainty equivalence to hold are: (1) fertilizer carry-over is agronomically equivalent to applied fertilizer; and (2) some addition of fertilizer...

Soil C sequestration may mitigate rising levels of atmospheric CO2. However, it has yet to be determined whether net soil C sequestration occurs in N-rich grasslands exposed to long-term elevated CO2. This study examined whether N-fertilized grasslands exposed to elevated CO2 sequestered additional C. For 10 years, Lolium perenne, Trifolium repens, and the mixture of L. perenne/T. repens grassl...

The use of efficient and effective nodulating Bradyrhizobia strains considered as anecologically and environmentally sound management strategy for soybean production. A 2-yr(2009 and 2010) field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of seven indigenousBradyrhizobium strains, one exotic TAL-102 and three N fertilizer rates, i.e., 25, 50 and 100kg N ha-1 on the productivity and N2 fixa...

Improvements in nitrogen (N) use efficiency reduce stress on the environment and improve tomato production. A two-year trial was conducted greenhouse tomatoes with a split-plot design, which one factor N application rate (150 kg·ha?1, N1; 200 N2; 250 N3) two other factors were type of urea applied (urea, T1; slow-release (polymer-coated) urea, T2, nitrification inhibitors (3,4-dimethylpyrazole ...

Missing data are a frequent problem in cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) within a randomised controlled trial. Inappropriate methods to handle missing data can lead to misleading results and ultimately can affect the decision of whether an intervention is good value for money. This article provides practical guidance on how to handle missing data in within-trial CEAs following a principled appr...

The parent allenediazonium monocation H2C[double bond]C[double bond]CH(N2+) and ten of its substituted derivatives XYC[double bond]C[double bond]C(Z)N2+ (with F, CF3, Me, OMe, and Me2N as substituents) were studied by DFT at the B3LYP/6-31++G** level. Except for the Me2N-substituted derivative that forms a monocation-N2 complex, structurally intact allenediazonium ions were obtained as minima i...

Sustainability of biogas production is strongly dependent on soil-borne greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during feedstock cultivation. Maize (Zea mays) the most common for in Europe. Since it an annual crop requiring high fertilizer input, maize cropping can cause GHG sites that, due to their hydrology, have N2O emission potential. On such sites, cultivation cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum) as a ...

Sorghum is a Poaceae family plant that produces lot of hay. A field experiment was carried out at the University Thessaly’s experimental farm to investigate hay yield and quality characteristics six different sorghum varieties (V1: Buffalo grain, V2: Elite, V3: Big Kahuna, V4: 25K1009, V5: 4264, V6: 5D61) under nitrogen fertilization levels (N1: 0, N2: 80, N3: 160, N4: 240 kg ha−1, using urinar...

Nutrient management is an important challenge to agricultural sustainability. In this study, the effects of three nitrogen (N) fertilizer levels (N1 = 0, N2 =150, and N3 300 kg ha−1) on growth, chlorophyll content, antioxidant capacity two grain sorghum cultivars were investigated in a two-year (2017 2018) field trial. The treatments arranged randomized complete block design with replicates. Ni...

found, had they considered N derived from the soil (Keeney, 1982; van der Ploeg et al., 1997). Using the Worldwide, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) for cereal production same references and assumptions in Table 1, cereal (wheat, Triticum aestivum L.; corn, Zea mays L.; rice, Oryza sativa L. and O. glaberrima Steud.; barley, Hordeum vulgare L.; sorghum, NUEs are 42 and 29% in developed and develop...