The sex ratios of malaria and related Apicomplexan parasites play a major role in transmission success. Here, we address 2 fundamental issues in the sex ratios of the rodent malaria parasite, Plasmodium chabaudi. First we test the accuracy of empirical methods for estimating sex ratios in malaria parasites, and show that sex ratios made with standard thin smears may overestimate the proportion ...

BACKGROUND Myanmar (Burma), with an upper estimate of 400,000 people living with HIV/AIDS, faces a dangerous and potentially devastating epidemic. Female sex workers in the country are one of the most affected populations, with high prevalence rates of both HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). METHODS A qualitative study was undertaken in Yangon at the end of 2002 to investigate th...

INTRODUCTION About 45% of women suffer from some form of sexual dysfunction. Despite its high prevalence, there are few studies that have systematically evaluated sex therapy in comparison with other interventions. OBJECTIVE Review randomized clinical trials that present psychotherapeutic interventions for female sexual dysfunctions. METHOD Through a search in three databases (Medline, Web ...

background: gender preference is prevalent in some communities and using medical techniques to choose the baby’s sex may cause the gender discrimination and gender imbalance in communities. therefore, evaluating the gender preferences and attitudes towards using sex selection technologies seems to be necessary. methods: this cross-sectional study was conducted in avicenna fertility center. part...

sex determination in pistacia as a dioecious plant is economically desirable. identification of the male and female plants has a great value for pistacia yield production. in the present study, leaf samples from four female plants from cultivars of pistacia including akbary, akbar aghaei, fandoghi, and kalleh ghochi as well as male plants were used for rapd pcr amplification. among 32 primers w...

Maternally inherited bacterial endosymbionts are common in many arthropod species. Some endosymbionts cause female-biased sex ratio distortion in their hosts that can result in profound changes to a host's mating behaviour and reproductive biology. Dance flies (Diptera: Empidinae) are well known for their unusual reproductive biology, including species with female-specific ornamentation and fem...

Pregnancy is a highly regulated process, requiring strict control of the immune system in order to prevent rejection of the semiallogenic foetus. One aspect of pregnancy immunology that has been of great interest is the influence of female sex and pregnancy associated hormones, such as progesterone and oestrogen, on cells of the immune system. This review evaluates studies investigating the abi...

The codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae), is a major pest of apple, pear and walnut orchards worldwide. This pest is often controlled using the biologically friendly control method known as pheromone-based mating disruption. Mating disruption likely exerts selection on the sexual communication system of codling moth, as male and female moths will persist in their attempt ...

OBJECTIVE There is limited information available about the mental health of female sex workers. Therefore, we aimed to make a comprehensive assessment of the mental status of female sex workers over different outdoors and indoors work settings and nationalities. METHOD As the prerequisites of a probability sampling were not given, a quota-sampling strategy was the best possible alternative. S...