Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and peptide YY (PYY) are regulatory peptides that have considerable sequence homology with pancreatic polypeptide. Because (a) NPY has been shown to be colocalized with noradrenaline in peripheral as well as central catecholaminergic neurons, and (b) alpha 2-adrenergic receptors of adipocytes play a major role in the regulation of lipolysis, we investigated the effect of NP...

BACKGROUND Hypertriglyceridemia is a common type of dyslipidemia found in obesity. However, it is not established whether primary hyperlipidemia can predispose to obesity. Evidences have suggested that proteins primarily related to plasma lipoprotein transport, such as apolipoprotein (apo) CIII and E, may significantly affect the process of body fat accumulation. We have previously observed an ...

Insulin has a potent inhibitory effect on hepatic glucose production by direct action at hepatic receptors. The hormone also inhibits glucose production by suppressing both lipolysis in the fat cell and secretion of glucagon by the alpha-cell. Neural sensing of insulin levels appears to participate in control of hepatic glucose production in rodents, but a role for brain insulin sensing has not...

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-lipodystrophy syndrome (HLS) is characterized by hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, lipoatrophy, and central adiposity. We investigated fasting lipid metabolism in six men with HLS and six non-HIV-infected controls. Compared with controls, HLS patients had lower fat mass (15.9 +/- 1.3 vs. 22.3 +/- 1.7 kg, P < 0.05) but higher plasm...

High concentrations of TNF within obese adipose tissue increase basal lipolysis and antagonize insulin signaling. Adipocytes of the obese are also exposed to elevated levels of glucocorticoids (GCs), which antagonize TNF actions in many cell types. We tested the hypothesis that TNF decreases sensitivity to the antilipolytic effect of insulin and that GCs antagonize this effect in differentiated...

Insulin did not stimulate glucose metabolism or inhibit lipolysis in brown fat cells isolated by digestion of rat interscapular brown adipose tissue with collagenase plus 1 mg of trypsin per ml. Trypsin-treated cells responded normally to catecholamines and to the antilipolytic agent, prostaglandin El. The stimulation of respiration by lipolytic agents and free fatty acids was not affected by t...

background: the burden of obesity and diet-related chronic diseases is increasing in iran, and prevention and treatment strategies are needed to address this problem. the aim of this study was to determine the outcome, cost, safety and cost-consequence of non-invasive weight loss interventions in iran.   methods: we performed a systematic review to compare non-invasive interventions (cryolipoly...

Studies comparing adipose tissue metabolism in central versus peripheral fat depots have generated equivocal data. We examined whether regional differences in abdominal subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue metabolism in women exist and whether they persist across the spectrum of body fatness and abdominal adiposity values. We measured adipocyte size; lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity; and ba...

The fat cells of rat epididymal adipose tissue contain an average of 0.5 mg of cholesterol per gram of triglyceride. Of this cholesterol, 90% is nonesterified and 80% is located in the lipid storage compartment. The fat cell cholesterol content correlated positively with cell size. During fasting the free cholesterol of the adipocyte decreased in parallel with triglyceride, whereas the amount o...