OBJECTIVES To determine the level of demand and supply of out of hours care from a nationally representative sample of general practice cooperatives. DESIGN Observational study based on routinely collected data on telephone calls, patient population data from general practices, and information about cooperatives from interviews with managers. SETTING 20 cooperatives in England and Scotland ...

Previous work has examined optimal fisheries management in idealized institutional contexts, as well as the effectiveness of real institutions in improving the efficiency of the fishery, but there remain further connections to be made between these literatures. Fishing cooperatives have been advocated as a community-based institution that can successfully manage resources where top-down managem...

Over the last three decades cooperatives experienced acceleration of institutional innovation with the introduction of many variations to the reference model. It is certainly not surprising that coops changed their organizational structure over time to face the challenges of world. In the United States and in Canada they are commonly referred to as New generation cooperatives, in Italy and Spai...

Conflict can occur as agricultural cooperatives internationalise, both in terms of their relationship with their supplier members and their requirement for capital. These and other critical factors are identified in the literature. Case study research was carried out on two new Zealand cooperatives – Fonterra, a pure cooperative in the dairy industry and Zespri, a cooperative hybrid in the kiwi...

The aim of this study was to investigate the members’ opinions regarding the influencing factors contributing the success of range management cooperatives in three provinces as Markazi, Tehran and Isfahan of Iran in 2014. The study populations were board and ordinary members of cooperatives (N=750) and the samples were selected using Krejcie and Morgan method through stratified and random sampl...

in this research the cooperative sector's law has been analyzed under the general headings cooperative as an economic sector, cooperative's and cooperatives :union:’s nature, and damages of the acts to the law and the normal function of cooperatives and at the end it has been analytically concluded that regarding the stated structural and legal deficiencies while keeping the cooperati...

Cooperatives represent an alternative to large-scale corporate farms as well as to independent unaffiliated small private farms. This article presents a comparative modeling narrative on cooperative organizational forms’ potential impact on equitable rural development. This speaks to issues of both increasing the size of the economic pie and how this income is distributed. The case is made that...