This study evaluated the effects of frankfurter fat content on Listeria monocytogenes resistance to heat stress and gastric fluid, and the Caco-2 cell invasion efficiency of the pathogen. A 10-strain mixture of L. monocytogenes was inoculated on frankfurters formulated with 10%, 20%, and 30% fat content (10%: F10, 20%: F20, 30%: F30) and stored at 10℃ for 30 d. The samples were analyzed for L. ...

Article history: Received 23 October 2010 Received in revised form 4 January 2012 Accepted 6 January 2012 Available online 14 January 2012 JEL classification: F10 F12 F14 F16 L22 J24

This paper proposes a differential inflation scheme and applies this technique to driver estimation for the Global Ionosphere–Thermosphere Model (GITM) using the Ensemble Adjustment Kalman Filter (EAKF), which is a part of the Data Assimilation Research Testbed (DART). Driver estimation using EAKF is first demonstrated on a linear example and then applied to GITM. The Challenging Minisatellite ...

The aim of this study was to determine whether formalin reliably provokes a paw edema and pain behavior. The paw of male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with 100 microliter of formalin with 2.5% (F2.5), 5% (F5), and 10% (F10) concentrations. Following the formalin (n=8) or saline (control, n=6) injection, the flinching or licking of the paw was recorded for the phase 1 response (0-5 min after...

The relationship between hypoxic stress, autophagy, and specific cell-mediated cytotoxicity remains unknown. This study shows that hypoxia-induced resistance of lung tumor to cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated lysis is associated with autophagy induction in target cells. In turn, this correlates with STAT3 phosphorylation on tyrosine 705 residue (pSTAT3) and HIF-1α accumulation. Inhibition o...

Metastatic spread is the leading cause of death from cancer. Early detection of cancer at primary and metastatic sites by noninvasive imaging modalities would be beneficial for both therapeutic intervention and disease management. Noninvasive imaging modalities such as bioluminescence (optical), positron emission tomography (PET)/X-ray computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (M...

Despite the attention paid to culture media, the relevance of the handling medium at egg recovery/transfer is frequently overlooked. In the present work, we compare the effect of two different handling media (PBS and HEPES-buffered Ham F10, both supplemented with 20% (v/v) FCS), upon in vitro and in vivo developmental ability of in vivo fertilised rabbit zygotes. Zygotes recovered in HEPES-buff...

The tension between hypothesis-driven and exploratory research crosses scientific disciplines (1) but is particularly well illustrated in the current excitement about genome-wide association (GWA) studies. Standard linkage analysis has the potential to localize major susceptibility genes to within a few million base pairs using as few as 300 microsatellite markers for a genome-wide scan. Howeve...

AIM The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of Gabing San Fernando (Xanthosoma spp.) corms as partial carbohydrate replacement for maize in finisher broiler production. MATERIALS AND METHODS The completely randomized design was utilized to investigate the effects of three finisher poultry diets prepared in varying amounts of cocoyam-corm meal set at 0% (control), 25%, and 50...

A review is given of the results of first principles calculations used to investigate the structures and electronic properties of screw and edge dislocations in GaN. The atoms at the core of the full core screw dislocation possess heavily strained bonds leading to deep gap states. Removing the first shell of Ga and N atoms gives a screw dislocation with a small open core consisting of f10 10g t...