Histone fraction F1 has been isolated and purified from macronuclei of the ciliated protozoan, Tetrahymena pyriformis. In many respects, Tetrahymena F1 is similar to that of other organisms. It is the only Tetrahymena histone soluble in 5% perchloric acid or 5% trichloroacetic acid, has a higher molecular weight than any other Tetrahymena histone, is the histone most easily dissociated from Tet...

This paper contributes to the debate on the inducement of environmental innovations by analysing the extent to which endogenous inducement mechanisms spur the generation of greener technologies in contexts characterized by weak exogenous inducement pressures. In the presence of a fragile environmental regulatory framework, inducement can indeed be endogenous and environmental innovations may be...

We examine convergence in carbon dioxide emissions among 128 countries for the period 1960-2003 by means of a new methodology introduced by Phillips and Sul (Econometrica, 2007). Contrary to previous studies, our approach allows us to examine for evidence of club convergence, i.e. identify groups of countries that converge to different equilibria. Our results suggest convergence in per capita C...

This paper describes and implements a method for estimating the average marginal value of a time-varying local public good: air quality. It uses the General Social Survey (GSS), which asks thousands of people in various U.S. locations how happy they are, along with other demographic and attitude questions. These data are matched with the Environmental Protection Agency's Air Quality System (AQS...

We characterize the evolution of U.S. carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions using an index number decomposition technique which partitions the 1963-2008 growth of states’ energy-related CO2 into changes in five driving factors: the emission intensity of energy use, the energy intensity of economic activity, the composition of states’ output, per capita income and population. Compositional change and d...

This paper investigates the properties of the widely-utilized F1 metric as used to evaluate the performance of multi-label classifiers. We show that given an uninformative binary classifier, F1-optimal thresholding is to predict all instances positive. More surprisingly, we prove a relationship between the optimal threshold and the best achievable F1 score over all thresholds. We demonstrate th...

Let F1, . . . ,Fr ⊂ ([n] k ) be r-cross t-intersecting, that is, |F1 ∩ ·· · ∩Fr| ≥ t holds for all F1 ∈ F1, . . . ,Fr ∈ Fr. We prove that for every p,μ ∈ (0,1) there exists r0 such that for all r > r0, all t with 1 ≤ t < (1/p− μ)r−1/(1− p)−1, there exist n0 and ε so that if n > n0 and |k/n− p|< ε , then |F1| · · · |Fr| ≤ (n−t k−t )r .

F1-ATPase (F1) is a multisubunit water-soluble domain of FoF1- ATP synthase and is a rotary enzyme by itself. Earlier genetic studies using yeast suggested that two factors, Atp11p and Atp12p, contribute to F1 assembly. Here, we show that their mammalian counterparts, AF1 and AF2, are essential and sufficient for efficient production of recombinant bovine mitochondrial F1 in Escherichia coli ce...

The application of our glueball-qq̄ filter to the centrally produced KK̄π system shows that the f1(1285) and f1(1420) have the same behaviour; namely consistent with the f1(1420) being the partner to the f1(1285) in the P1 nonet of axial mesons. We determine a flavour singlet-octet mixing angle of ∼ 50 for this nonet and highlight that the existence of the supposed f1(1510) needs confirmation. e-...

The principle of adaptation in a noisy retrieval environment is extended here to a diluted attractor neural network of Q-state neurons trained with noisy data. The network is adapted to an appropriate noisy training overlap and training activity, which are determined self-consistently by the optimized retrieval attractor overlap and activity. The optimized storage capacity and the corresponding...