This paper presents systems which enable eye contact in leisure video conferencing. The proposed solutions include a software based and a hardware based approach. Two experiments were conducted to test the performance of the systems by measuring the users’ sense of presence. The results showed that both solutions succeeded in establishing eye contact but there was no direct indication of an inc...

Making eye contact is the most powerful mode of establishing a communicative link between humans. During their first year of life, infants learn rapidly that the looking behaviors of others conveys significant information. Two experiments were carried out to demonstrate special sensitivity to direct eye contact from birth. The first experiment tested the ability of 2- to 5-day-old newborns to d...

The objective of visual systems neuroscience has shifted over the past few years from determining the receptive fields of cells towards the understanding of higher level cognition in awake animals viewing natural stimuli. In experiments with awake animals it is important to control the relevant aspects of behavior. Most important for vision science is the control of the direction of gaze. Here ...

Through domestication and co-evolution with humans, dogs have developed abilities to attract human attention, e.g. in a manner of seeking assistance when faced with a problem solving task. The aims of this study were to investigate within breed variation in human-directed contact seeking in dogs and to estimate its genetic basis. To do this, 498 research beagles, bred and kept under standardize...

UNLABELLED Wearing contact lenses has been identified as a risk factor for the development of eye conditions such as giant papillary conjunctivitis and keratitis. We hypothesized that wearing contact lenses is associated with changes in the ocular microbiota. We compared the bacterial communities of the conjunctiva and skin under the eye from 58 subjects and analyzed samples from 20 subjects (9...

Introduction: During face-to-face questioning typically developing children and

To preserve eye contact in teleconferencing both the camera and the monitor need to be positioned on the same optical axis which, in practice, is usually not possible. We propose a method to construct the view from a virtual coaxial centered camera given two cameras mounted on either side of the monitor. Stereoscopic analysis of the two camera views provides a partial three-dimensional descript...

Imidacloprid, thiamethoxam (first and second generation neonicotinoid insecticides), and spinosad (a naturally derived biorational insecticide) were evaluated in the laboratory against adult eye gnats, Liohippelates collusor (Townsend), using two modes of exposure. Ingestion experiments revealed that toxicity was the highest for thiamethoxam (Platinum soluble concentrate) followed by technical ...

Eye contact is crucial in achieving social communication. Deviant patterns of eye contact behavior are found in individuals with autism, who suffer from severe social and communicative deficits. This study used a visual oddball paradigm to investigate whether children with high functioning autism have difficulty in detecting mutual gaze under experimental conditions. The results revealed that c...

PURPOSE To evaluate the impact of disposable soft contact lenses upon visual performance by comparing the optical aberrations of myopic eyes with and without the use of contact lenses. METHOD The optical aberrations of a set of 18 eyes were measured by a laser ray tracing system, an objective measurement method, enabling comparison of the findings of the naked eye, the eye plus a test lens, a...