Macromolecular crowding influences protein mobility and stability in vivo. A precise description of the effect on thermal requires estimate combined effects excluded volume, specific protein-environment interactions, as well response crowders. Here, we explore an ideal model system, lysozyme powder state, to dissect factors controlling melting under extreme crowding. By deploying state-of-the a...

We propose a mathematical model to analyze the evolution of canalization for a trait under stabilizing selection, where each individual in the population is randomly exposed to different environmental conditions, independently of its genotype. Without canalization, our trait (primary phenotype) is affected by both genetic variation and environmental perturbations (morphogenic environment). Sele...

Catastrophic flooding resulting from extreme meteorological events has occurred more frequently and drawn great attention in recent years in China. In coastal areas, extreme precipitation and storm tide are both inducing factors of flooding and therefore their joint probability would be critical to determine the flooding risk. The impact of storm tide or changing environment on flooding is igno...

The ability to manage extreme disasters of any type and their aftermath has been observed to be a challenge for government. This is because extreme disasters are known to disrupt and harm social, economic, business, human welfare and the environment when preparation for them are inadequate or ineffective. Complex, extreme or catastrophic events have inherent characteristics which put a consider...

climate is the most important factor which control desertification .in order to detect climate changes in desert zones, time trend analysis is applied to extreme indices in kashan station using extreme climate index software (ecis). results show significant trends in extreme indices during the past decade 1995-2004 and the pronounced warming is associated with a negative trend in cold extremes....

Extreme environments are characterized as those situations which place a high demand on the physiological, affective, cognitive, and/or social processing resources of the individual. Extreme environments strongly perturb the body and mind, which in turn initiate complex cognitive and affective response strategies. Different types of extreme environments may share some aspects but can also have ...