Extraocular muscle represents a distinctive class among mammalian skeletal musculature in exhibiting the full range of muscle fiber type variability found in vertebrate species. To better understand the basis for the unique structural/functional diversity of extraocular muscle, the ontogeny of lateral rectus muscles was studied in Macaca nemestrina fetuses of 62-156 days gestation using light a...

The superior rectus muscle of the rabbit can be separated into two plates: One is comprised, solely of F elder struktur ("slow") fibers and the other almost exclusively of Fibrillenstruktur ("twitch") fibers. Responses of isolated portions of the two muscle types to acetylcholine were compared under identical experimental conditions. The results indicate that the Felderstruktur fibers are respo...

During strabismus surgery on 81 extraocular muscles in 49 children the cardiac response to calibrated traction on each of the muscles operated on was studied through the use of a microdisplacement transducer and the tachometer of a cardiac monitor. There was no significant difference in the frequency of induction of the oculocardiac reflex between the medial rectus and the other muscles or betw...

This is the first study devoted to the histologic and histochemical characteristics of the orbicularis oculi muscle in children to the authors' knowledge. The orbicularis muscle was compared with extraocular, facial, and limb striated muscle. Light microscopy showed the orbicularis oculi muscle to be much smaller and more loosely packed than skeletal limb muscles. It further showed these muscle...

The extraocular muscles are responsible for all eye movements required to track and fix objects. Superior rectus muscle is located in the superior level of orbital cavity, below musculus levator palpebrae superioris , tilted slightly lateral part orbit. In a routine dissection, we found left, unilateral variation with no other structures, such as nerves vessels. abnormal presented two parts - m...

The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) exacts compensatory movements of the extraocular muscles in response to stimulation of the semicircular canals to allow gaze fixation during head movements. In this study, the spatial relationships of these muscles and canals were investigated to assess their relative alignments in mammalian species commonly used in studies of the VOR. The head region of each s...

It is difficult to identify the exact cause of ocular motility disturbances in orbital wall fracture patients. By performing CT and ocular motility tests before and after surgery, this study analyzes the functions of the extraocular muscles and determines correlations between the results. Between February 2001 and January 2003, 45 eyes of 45 patients with orbital wall fractures, whose medical r...