INTRODUCTION A variety of mesial and distal projections have been suggested for separating the canals in a multi-canaled root. But there is no general agreement on the best angulation for each tooth. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the X-ray horizontal angle for separating the canals of four-canal first mandibular molars. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty four-canaled mandibular molars we...

The purpose of the investigation was to establish the exact number of root canals in the maxillary first permanent molar, their direction, type and relation, based upon a large number of random samples. Randomly chosen 443 maxillary first permanent molars (221 left and 222 right) were investigated with the aim to get more knowledge into the morpho­ logy of the endodontic space. One canal in the...

One of the main causes of endodontic treatment failure is the clinician's inability to localize all the root canals. Due to the complex anatomy of the root canal system, missed canals are not uncommon. There are several strategies to decrease the possibility of missed root canals starting with good pre-operative radiographies. In order to overcome the limitations of conventional radiographies, ...

Chavez et al. [1] suggested that during embryonic development three canals fuse to form a single nerve canal. Failure of these canals to fuse can explain presence of multiple canals in some individuals. In case-1 and case2 there are bifid canals, one nerve canal is supplying the developing permanent tooth bud while the other branch is following its coarse into the mandible. To the best of our k...

Simulated canals in clear resin blocks have been widely used in pre-clinical endodontic teaching. The artificial canal provides direct visualisation of procedures in root canal treatment. Stanuardised simulated root canals have been produced in the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya for dental education and research. The canals are easy and inexpensive to construct. An outline of the me...

Most mandibular second molars have one and two canals in distal and mesial roots, respectively. This report represents four cases of mandibular second molars with a single mesial and two distal root canals with two different canal configurations. After access cavity preparation, two teeth had one distal and two mesial orifices, whereas in the two other teeth one mesial and two distal orifices w...

INTRODUCTION Orifice openers or orifice shapers are used to shape the coronal part of the root canals during endodontic treatment. OBJECTIVES The aim of this work was to analyse the cutting efficiency of Quantec Series 2000 system orifice shapers by means of computerised tomography (CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS Mandibular molars were selected, preoperative CT was performed and the cross-secti...

OBJECTIVE To compare the root canal morphology in the left and right mandibular premolars on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. METHODS In this analytical cross-sectional study, 457 CBCT images, including human left and right mandibular premolars were evaluated. CBCT scans were investigated in the three spatial planes and differences in the number of roots and canals were recorded. ...

AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of calcium hydroxide dressing on the filling of simulated lateral canals by different obturation techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty single-root-premolars were instrumented. Simulated lateral canals were drilled on each third of the roots. The teeth were divided into four groups: no dressing and obturation by lateral condensation ...