1.1. Abstract setting We want to find a “displacement” u ∈ V . Here V is a complete vector space with a norm ‖v‖V . In the absence of external forces the equilibrium solution minizes the “internal energy” Q(u). If there are external forces: Now changing the displacement from u to u+ v corresponds to a work `(v) (“work of external forces”). Here ` : V → R is linear and bounded: ∀v ∈ V : |`(v)| ≤...

two kinds of music can be identified in any poetic works: internal music and external music. this research investigates both types and their implications and effects in yahia alsamaway’s divan, inscriptions on the trunk of a palm. concerning external music, the article tries to examine features such as the metric and rhyme patterns. concerning internal musical elements, the article pays atten...

BACKGROUND Call centres (CCs) are among the most rapidly growing forms of workplaces in Sweden. The purpose of the study was to describe and compare working conditions between operators at internal and external CC companies and work tasks of different complexity. METHOD A questionnaire was answered by 1183 operators, 848 women and 335 men, from 28 different CCs. The questionnaire covered back...

continued) Also, the extent to which intrinsic vs. extrinsic factors contribute to work motivation was studied. A Valence-Instrumentality-Expectancy (YIE) model of motivation was employed. A questionnaire was administered to a cross-section of 207 naval personnel which comprised over 50 work groups. A rating form was given to the supervisor of each work group. It was found that internals more t...

Muscle mechanical work is an important biomechanical quantity in human movement analyses and has been estimated using different quantities including external, internal and joint work. The goal of this study was to investigate the relationships between these traditionally used estimates of mechanical work in human walking and to assess whether they can be used as accurate estimates of musculoten...

There is no evidence regarding the effect of stunning on maximization of regional myocardial external work (EW) or efficiency of energy transfer (EET) in relation to regional afterload (end-systolic stress, sigma(es)). To that end, we studied these relationships in both the left anterior descending coronary artery (LADCA) and left circumflex coronary artery regions in anesthetized, open-chest p...

• Augmentation of external work of the heart due to an increase of blood pressure is accompanied by a greater increase of oxygen consumption (QOo) than increase of work due to an elevation of cardiac output." Thus the calculated cardiac efficiency, or ratio between the external cardiac work and oxygen consumption, decreases in the first case and either remains unchanged or increases in the seco...