γ-hydride precipitation and growth in a zirconium bi-crystal were simulated using a phase field kinetic model. The temporal evolution of the spatially dependent field variables is determined by numerically solving the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equations for the structural variables and the Cahn-Hilliard diffusion equation for the concentration variable. The morphology evolution of γ-hydrid...

The first definition suggests that stress results from pressure. The greater the pressure the more likely that the recipient, whether a person or a load-bearing beam, will succumb. When the (external) stimulus becomes too great, (internal) collapse becomes inevitable. This definition focuses on external sources of stress and encapsulates well its cumulative nature. Adding one more ounce to the ...

In this work, the robust position control scheme is proposed for the electro-mechanical system using the disturbance observer and backstepping control method. To the external unknown load of the electro-mechanical system, the nonlinear disturbance observer is given to estimate the external unknown load. Combining the output of the developed nonlinear disturbance observer with backstepping techn...

In this work, the effect of external load on current and power generation, as well pollutant removal by microbial fuel cells (MFCs), has been studied step-wise modifying load. The changes included a direct scan, in which resistance was increased from 120 Ω to 3300 Ω, subsequent reverse decreased back Ω. reduction current, experienced when increasing resistance, maintained even scan decreased. R...

A discrete-time sliding mode with block control aided design is applied to a nonlinear discrete-time induction motor model where the load torque is considered as unknown perturbation. With full state measurements, both rotor speed and rotor flux amplitude tracking objectives are satisfied. Then, a reduced order observer is implemented where speed and current measurements provide the observation...

A three-state stochastic model of motor protein Qian, Biophys. Chem., (1997)] is further developed to illustrate the relationship between the external load on an individual motor protein in aqueous solution with various ATP concentration and its steady-state velocity. A wide variety of dynamic motor behavior are obtained from this simple model. For the particular case of free-load translocation...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine the validity of session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) for monitoring training intensity in rugby league. METHODS Thirty-two professional rugby league players participated in this study. Training-load (TL) data were collected during an entire season and assessed via microtechnology (heart-rate [HR] monitors, global positioning systems [GPS...