Volumetric rendering is widely used to examine 3D scalar fields from scanners and direct numerical simulation datasets. One key aspect of volumetric rendering is the ability to provide shading cues to aid in understanding structure contained in the datasets. While shading models that reproduce natural lighting conditions have been shown to better convey depth information and spatial relationshi...

Cotton-rapeseed or cotton-wheat double cropping systems are popular in the Yangtze River Valley and Yellow River Valley of China. Due to the competition of temperature and light resources during the growing season of double cropping system, cotton is generally late-germinating and late-maturing and has to suffer from the coupling of declining temperature and low light especially in the late gro...

Page Introduction 1 Alteration of the environment 2 Keduced sunlight 3 Shading with tall-growing plants 4 Shading with muslin tents 6 Shading with low and densely growing plants 7 Spraying and dusting 9 Soil management 10 Irrigation and fertilization 11 Page Soil management—Continued. Soil dryness and preirrigation 13 Green manuring _ 13 Green manure with lime and fertilizers.. 14 Time of plant...

In this paper we propose cycle shading and hatched cycle shading as new local shading techniques for shape assessment and visualization. Natural surface highlights are extended to not only appear in isolated parts of a surface, but to reappear throughout the surface in a regular and easy-to-control pattern. Thereby even small surface variations become visible, wherever they are located on the s...

The use of Bezier curves and Bezier triangles has been extensively explored in the field of computer graphics. The purpose of this paper is to show that Bezier triangles and curves can be used for reducing the cost of Biquadratic Phong shading. A shading algorithm has been proposed which uses quadratic Bezier triangle’s blending functions for performing quadratic interpolation of normal vector ...

Shading and mechanical stress (MS) modulate plant architecture by inducing different developmental pathways. Shading results in increased stem elongation, often reducing whole-plant mechanical stability, while MS inhibits elongation, with a concomitant increase in stability. Here, we examined how these organ-level responses are related to patterns and processes at the cellular level by exposing...

Recent increases in Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws. forest density in the southwestern United States have severely reduced understory herbaceous biomass and altered understory species composition. To examine whether changes in graminoid species composition are caused by increased shading, we studied the effects of shade on leaf gas exchange, biomass, and reproductive characteristics of five gra...