Treebag is a software for experimenting with formal models in Computer Science, one type of such models being tree transducers. Tree transducers translate input trees to output trees, a mechanism used in e.g. compilers and picture generation. The top-down tree transducer is one of the formal models implemented as a component in Treebag. Compared to the top-down tree transducer, the macro tree t...

Let $R$ be an arbitrary ring with identity and $M$ a right $R$-module with $S=$ End$_R(M)$. The module $M$ is called {it Rickart} if for any $fin S$, $r_M(f)=Se$ for some $e^2=ein S$. We prove that some results of principally projective rings and Baer modules can be extended to Rickart modules for this general settings.

This paper deals with some results concerning the notion of extended ideal based zero divisor graph $overline Gamma_I(R)$ for an ideal $I$ of a commutative ring $R$ and characterize its bipartite graph. Also, we study the properties of an annihilator of $overline Gamma_I(R)$.

A tree transformation is sensible if the size of each output tree is uniformly bounded by a linear function in the size of the corresponding input tree. Every sensible tree transformation computed by an arbitrary weighted extended top-down tree transducer can also be computed by a weighted multi bottom-up tree transducer. This further motivates weighted multi bottom-up tree transducers as suita...

The basic structure of the nuclear pore complex (NPC), conserved across almost all organisms from yeast to humans, persists in featuring an octagonal symmetry involving the nucleoporins that constitute the NPC ring. In this article, we seek to understand and evaluate the potential biomechanical reasons for this eightfold symmetry. Our analytical investigation shows that the eightfold symmetry m...

In this paper, a new design of a compact narrowband bandpass filter is proposed. This new narrowband bandpass filter is designed using an octagonal form of dual-mode closed-loop microstrip ring resonator based on a meander structure in order to achieve compactness. The designed filter has a 3 dB fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 5% at 2.3 GHz. The filter has been fabricated on Taconic CER-10 substr...

Crop protection is mostly carried out spraying active chemical agents with potential impact on the health of environment, operator and consumer. Recently the European Commission played an important role in the protection of the operator with respect to the pesticide contamination during spray application. An active protection offered by tractor cab is a new requirement when the machine is used ...

OBJECTIVES Many childhood farm tractor injuries occur during the performance of work that was assigned by parents, and some tractor work is beyond the developmental capabilities of children. This has been highlighted recently by a policy statement authored by the American Academy of Pediatrics. The objective of this study was 1) to assess child development knowledge of farm parents who received...

In this study, a collaborative team formation system of hybrid teams biped robots and tractor-trailers is designed for some common task. The consists number subsystems. Each subsystem composed tractor-trailer as the leader group followers. For convenience design, novel reference models are proposed to generate desired time-varying leader-follower cooperative in each team. Accordingly, design pr...