In a severe accident, molten corium may penetrate the reactor pressure vessel and enter cooling water in cavity, then steam explosion occur. Steam explosions can initiate waves threaten structural integrity of cavity. To investigate propagation characteristics waves, including pattern, attenuation, amplification under TNT detonation, coupled numerical approach combined with arbitrary Lagrangian...

A number of models have been proposed to calculate overpressure and impulse from accidental industrial explosions. When the blast is produced by ignition of a vapour cloud, the TNO Multi-Energy model is widely used. From the curves given by this model, data are fitted to obtain equations showing the relationship between overpressure, impulse and distance. These equations, referred herein as cha...

The ionization and charge separation processes of nanoplasmas created by resonant excitation of atomic clusters in intense soft x-ray pulses have been investigated. Through irradiation with femtosecond pulses from the FLASH free electron laser (FEL) at λ = 13.7 nm and power densities exceeding 1014 W cm−2 the clusters are highly ionized with transient atomic charge states up to 9+. Variation of...

The interactions of large xenon clusters irradiated by intense, femtosecond extremeultraviolet pulses at a wavelength of 38 nm have been studied. Using high harmonic generation from a 35 fs near-infrared terawatt laser, clusters have been irradiated by XUV pulses of 10 W/cm intensity. Charge states up to Xe are observed, states well above that produced by single atom illumination, indicating th...

We consider the effect of laser beam shaping on proton acceleration in the interaction of a tightly focused pulse with ultrathin double-layer solid targets in the regime of directed Coulomb explosion. In this regime, the heavy ions of the front layer are forced by the laser to expand predominantly in the direction of the pulse propagation, forming a moving longitudinal charge separation electri...

We observe multiply frustrated tunneling ionization-induced dissociation of the argon dimers by intense linearly polarized ultrashort laser pulses. By measuring the kinetic energy release and angular distribution of the Coulomb explosion of up to eightfold ionized argon dimers, we can trace the recapture of up to two electrons to Rydberg states of the highly charged compound at the end of the l...

background: new technologies using hazardous materials usually have certain risks. it is more serious when the technology is supposed to be applied in a large scale and become widely used by many people. the objective of this paper was to evaluate the risk of vapor cloud explosion in a hydrogen production process. methods: potential hazards were identified using the conventional hazard identifi...

Abstract The change of the liner material directly affects penetration and damage performance shaped charge. In this paper, Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr (TNTZ) was used as charge liner. Autodyn software to analyze jet formation TNTZ liner, then static explosion test conducted liners. following conclusions were obtained: A structure proposed for alloy, simulation shows that a with acceptable L/D ratio for...