Programmed Instruction combined with experimenter-provided prompts (physical, verbal, and gesturing) was used to teach pointing with a computer mouse. Three preschoolers who scored at least 1 year below their chronological age levels participated. During the pre-assessment, none of the participants demonstrated pointing. However, they could press and release the mouse button. Programmed Instruc...

Two experiments examine the hypothesis that the effect of social support on cardiovascular reactivity depends on participants’ evaluative concerns and their motivation for task performance. In both experiments, heart rate and blood pressure were recorded while participants gave a speech to either a supportive or nonsupportive audience, with the experimenter either present or absent. Experiment ...

The physical presence of other people can be stressful during performance tasks. The current study predicts that the physical presence of a single stranger will relate to physiological, selfreport and bodily indicators of perceived psychological stress as compared to a control condition with no experimenter physically present. Undergraduate students completed a series of questionnaires related ...

Milgram's famous experiment contained 23 small-sample conditions that elicited striking variations in obedient responding. A synthesis of these diverse conditions could clarify the factors that influence obedience in the Milgram paradigm. We assembled data from the 21 conditions (N = 740) in which obedience involved progression to maximum voltage (overall rate 43.6%) and coded these conditions ...

Recognition and source memory were explored in healthy older adults, adults diagnosed with very mild dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT), and adults diagnosed with mild DAT. Two sentence-completion tasks were used. In Task 1, half of the sentences were completed (clozed) by the participant, and half by the experimenter. In Task 2, half were participant clozed, and half were participant read (a...

This quantitative review of 130 comparisons of interindividual and intergroup interactions in the context of mixed-motive situations reveals that intergroup interactions are generally more competitive than interindividual interactions. The authors identify 4 moderators of this interindividual-intergroup discontinuity effect, each based on the theoretical perspective that the discontinuity effec...

The aim was to examine the effect of the experimenter’s social status and its interaction with participant’s gender on pressure pain threshold. Both male and female students participated in the study (N = 96) and were evenly assigned into two groups which differed only in the professional status of the experimenter who was a professor (higher status) in one group and a student (lower status) in...

Obstructive sleep apnea in patients, between 70 and 80 percent, can be cured with just a posture correcting. The most import thing to do this is detection of obstructive sleep apnea. Detection of obstructive sleep apnea can be performed through heart rate variability analysis using power spectrum density analysis. After HRV analysis we needed to know the current position information for correct...

This study investigated the influence of emotion on toddlers’ prosocial behavior in instrumental helping tasks with an unfamiliar adult. The goals were to examine whether early prosocial behavior was affected by (1) the adult’s expressions of sadness (in contrast to a neutral expression) as a cue of need and (2) toddlers’ emotion understanding. Thirty-five 18to 20-month-olds participated in eig...