This paper presents a case study applying GNSS signals, which were reflected on the ground surface (soil, vegetation surface) to derive soil moisture and vegetation height data over a wheat crop field. The GPS antenna was installed at a height of 2.51 m. Soil moisture was retrieved as long as the vegetation height was lower than ∼20 cm. However, with a further increase in plant height, it was n...

LIST OF PRINCIPAL SYMBOLS Ey Hz H h k ^-component of electric field strength, z-component of magnetic field strength. Height of aperture. Height of source slot above guiding surface. Phase constant for free space. kx = Decay constant of surface wave. V(h) = Voltage across slot at height h. x,y,z = Rectangular co-ordinates. Phase-change coefficient in ^-direction. Phase-change coefficient of sur...

purpose : to evaluate the correlation between inner segment/outer segment (is/os) line and external limiting membrane (elm) layer integrity at foveal center and visual outcome and to investigate the prognostic factors in optical coherence tomography (oct) that related to final visual acuity (va) and recovery time in acute central serous chorioretinopathy (csc) methods : we prospectively studied...

In this paper we suggest a new approach for recovering 3-D depth from a field of surface normals. The surface normals are extracted from Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images using the radar reflectivity function and local statistical estimations. Reconstructing the 3-D surface from the flow of surface normals has an inexact solution due to missing information. A two stage algorithm is proposed...