BACKGROUND Atypical bovine spongiform encephalopathies (BSEs), classified as H-type and L-type BSE based on the Western immunoblot profiles, are naturally occurring diseases in cattle, which are phenotypically different to classical BSE. Transmission studies in cattle using the intracerebral route resulted in disease where the phenotypes were maintained irrespective of BSE type but clinically a...

BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. All ages are susceptible and more than 90% of the patients can be cured with early diagnosis. Breast self-examination (BSE) and mammography can be useful for this aim. In this study we examined the components of the Champion health belief model to identify if they could predict the intentions of women to perform such screening. MATE...

BACKGROUND Breast cancer incidence and mortality rates are increasing in North-Eastern Brazil and the patients with the disease often presented at advanced stages. The present study was focused on identifying variables that affect women's frequency of breast self- examination (BSE) performance. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data on BSE, socio-economic parameters and risk factors for breast cancer wer...

BACKGROUND: The Malaysian Ministry of Health promotes breast self-examination (BSE) for all women, and Pap smear screening every three years for all sexually active women ages 20 years and above. The objectives of this paper were to examine the practice of these two screening tests among women production workers in electronics factories, and to identify factors related to practice. METHODS: Thi...

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To examine health beliefs and sociodemographic and breast cancer-related variables influencing breast self-examination (BSE) practice. DESIGN Descriptive, cross-sectional. SETTING Two vocational training centers in Istanbul, Turkey. SAMPLE 438 women were selected using a convenience sampling method. Participants had not had breast cancer and were not currently pregnant ...

This cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study evaluated the knowledge, attitude and practice towards breast cancer and breast self-examination (BSE) among 387 (302 females and 85 males) educated Iraqis affiliated to 2 Iraqi universities. The participants were categorized into 3 occupations: student (71.3%), teaching staff (10.3%) and administrative staff (18.3%). About half of the participant...

PURPOSE Breast and cervical cancers are the most commonly diagnosed type of cancer and cause of cancer-related deaths in Iranian females. In contrast to previous studies, this study was carried out with a large sample size for assessment of breast self-examination (BSE)-, clinical breast examination (CBE)-, mammography-, and Pap smear-uptake rates and determination of associations among these s...

In this study we tested the framing hypothesis that a pamphlet stressing the negative consequences of not performing breast self-examination (BSE) would be more persuasive than a pamphlet emphasizing BSE's positive consequences. College-aged female subjects were exposed to a loss-frame pamphlet, a gain-frame pamphlet, or a no-arguments pamphlet, or they received no pamphlet describing the impor...

PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to evaluate the health beliefs regarding breast self-examination (BSE) and their relationship with age, educational status and history of breast cancer in the family among nurses working in a university hospital. METHODS A cross-sectional design was used, with a convenience sample of 381 nurses at a military university hospital in Ankara in Turkey. Data we...

Sir, The recent report on “Breast self-examination (BSE) among market women” is very interesting.[1] Obaji et al., concluded that “There was a low level of awareness of BSE among market women in Abakiliki and there is a need to increase the level of awareness through campaigns.”[1] The author would like to share the experience on the same topic from a tropical developing country Thailand. The s...