background: it is known that basic science and general courses play a vital role in training of medical students. the medical students' comprehensive basic science examination (cbse) scores seem to be a potential tool for predicting their comprehensive pre-internship examination (cpie) scores. purpose: to evaluate the predictive validity of medical students' cbse scores for predicting their cpi...

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of systematic desensitization (behavioral therapy and cognitive restructuring (cognitive therapy) in reducing high-stakes test anxiety. We hypothesized that cognitive restructuring would be superior to systematic desensitization in reducing the severity of the cognitive symptoms of anxiety, whereas systematic desensitization would be super...

Different investigations have shown the stressfulness of exam periods and exam situations, manifested in increase of anxiety, depressiveness and negative emotional states as the exam approaches (Ellis & Fox, 2004; Gruzelier, Smith, Nagy, & Henderson, 2001; Laidlaw, Naito, Dwivedi, Enzor, & Brincat, 2003; Oaten & Chang, 2005; Ogden & Mtandabari, 1997; Vivian, Koh, & Chia, 2003). Apart from these...

Background The use of e-exams in higher education is increasing. However, the role student diversity acceptance an under-researched topic. In current study, we considered terms three sociodemographic characteristics (age, gender, and second language) dispositional (computer anxiety, test technology openness). Objectives main objective this study was to investigate relationship between e-exams. ...

Rumination is a construct that cuts across a variety of disorders, including anxiety and depression. It has been associated with deficits in cognitive control thought to confer risk for psychopathology. One aspect of cognitive control that is especially relevant to the content of ruminative thoughts is error processing. We examined the relation of rumination and 2 electrophysiological indices o...