Logic1 GLARF relations are generated from treebank and parses for English, Chinese and Japanese. We focus on evaluation of system output for both input types, often allowing for multiple correct answers.

We present and discuss a simple semantic approach to force step-indexed logical relations to be transitive.

We investigatea simple form of parametricity, based on adding \abstract" copies of pre-existing types. Connections are made with the Reynolds-Ma theory of parametricity by logical relations, with the theory of parametricity via dinaturality, and with the categorical notion of equivalence.

We present an analysis of deep XMM-Newton and Chandra observations of the z = 1.05 galaxy cluster XLSSJ022403.9-041328 (hereafter XLSSC 029), detected in the XMM-Newton large scale structure survey. Density and temperature profiles of the X-ray emitting gas were used to perform a hydrostatic mass analysis of the system. This allowed us to measure the total mass and gas fraction in the cluster a...

For the first time, the consequences of combining two well-established empirical relations that describe different aspects of the spectral evolution of observed gamma-ray burst (GRB) pulses are explored. These empirical relations are (1) the hardness-intensity correlation and (2) the hardness-photon fluence correlation. From these we find a self-consistent, quantitative, and compact description...

It has been proposed that the capacity to code the 'like me' analogy between self and others constitutes a basic prerequisite and a starting point for social cognition. It is by means of this self/other equivalence that meaningful social bonds can be established, that we can recognize others as similar to us, and that imitation can take place. In this article I discuss recent neurophysiological...

The enormous size and complexity of genotypic sequence space frequently requires consideration of coarse-grained sequences in empirical models. We develop scaling relations to quantify the effect of this coarse-graining on properties of fitness landscapes and evolutionary paths. We first consider evolution on a simple Mount Fuji fitness landscape, focusing on how the length and predictability o...

The paper presents a unified approach to different fluctuation relations for classical nonequilibrium dynamics described by diffusion processes. Such relations compare the statistics of fluctuations of the entropy production or work in the original process to the similar statistics in the time-reversed process. The origin of a variety of fluctuation relations is traced to the use of different t...

Firms achieve competitive advantage in part through the development of cooperative relations with other firms and organisations. We describe a program of research designed to map and model the development of cooperative inter-firm relations, including the processes and paths by which firms may evolve from adversarial to more cooperative relations. Narrative event history methods are used to dev...

in this article, by investigating the nature of post national companies and their status in international political economy it is attempted, to show that great evolution has been occurred in diplomacy and persons having role in it and by entering these companies into field of international relations two additional aspects have been added to diplomacy other than diplomacy of governments: company...