Forced draft evaporative cooling towers are often used for condenser cooling in small steam power plants. Conventional control strategies keep the cooling pump operating at full speed all the time, and control the cooling water temperature by modulating the tower fan speed. In this work, an energy-efficient control strategy is proposed, that minimizes the combined consumption of the tower fans ...

The major aim of this study is to model the effect of outside temperature, watering, and airing on the inside temperature of a hybrid evaporative cooling system (HECS). There is great interest in evaporative cooling systems as a new storage system for fruit and vegetables for the purpose of energy saving. The heat transfer process of the HECS has not yet been well analyzed, so system identifica...

We have developed a technique for the printing of fine copper lines using solutions of a metal organic precursor, copper hexanoate (CuHex). Liquid ribbons 500 μm wide, deposited on a glass substrate either by ink-jetting or capillary writing, are observed to split into two or four finer lines depending on the solution concentration. Surface profiles indicate that the thickness, width and number...

The major aim of this study is to model the effect of outside temperature, watering, and airing on the inside temperature of a hybrid evaporative cooling system (HECS). There is great interest in evaporative cooling systems as a new storage system for fruit and vegetables for the purpose of energy saving. The heat transfer process of the HECS has not yet been well analyzed, so system identifica...

Table 1. Standard air density as a function of elevation above sea level (at 70F and 50% relative humidity). M echanical ventilation can be divided into three types: negative-, positive-, and neutral-pressure ventilation. Negativepressure systems use fans to exhaust air, thereby creating a slight partial vacuum that draws fresh air in from outdoors. Negative-pressure ventilation systems are use...