We study the black hole information paradox in the context of a two-dimensional toy model given by dilaton gravity coupled toN massless scalar fields. After making the model well-defined by imposing reflecting boundary conditions at a critical value of the dilaton field, we quantize the theory and derive the quantum S-matrix for the case that N=24. This S-matrix is unitary by construction, and ...

The role of the entrance channel in fusion-fission reactions was studied by the theoretical analysis of the experimental evaporation residue excitation functions for reactions leading to the same compound nucleus. The evaporation residues cross sections for xn-channels were calculated in the frame of the combined dinuclear system concept (DNS) and advanced statistical model (ASM). The revealed ...

Both the canonical and microcanonical ensembles are utilized to study the thermodynamic and evaporation properties of a closed black cosmic string whose spacetime is asymptotically anti deSitter. There are similarities and differences to the Schwarzschild-anti deSitter and 2+1 BTZ black hole solutions. It is found that there exist regimes of black string/thermal radiation equilibrium as well as...

Many models in which the object under study loses all its mass have appeared in the literature. This can be found from evaporating stars to incipient black holes, all the way to evaporating black holes. In this paper we try a semiclassical study of these evaporating models centred on the evaporating event itself. We analyse their common properties, behaviours and possibilities. Specifically, we...

Recent developments in the study of primordial black holes (PBHs) are reviewed, with particular emphasis on their formation and evaporation. It is still not clear whether PBHs formed but, if they did, they could provide a unique probe of the early Universe, gravitational collapse, high energy physics and quantum gravity. Indeed their study may place interesting constraints on the physics releva...

Climate change is a phenomenon has been based on the available evidence from a very long time ago and now its existence is very probable. The speed and nature of climate parameters changes at the middle of twentieth century has been different and its quickness more than the before and its trend changed to some extent comparing to the past. Climate change issue now regarded as not only one of th...

After a brief review of the description of black holes on branes, we examine the evaporation of a small black hole on a brane in a world with large extra dimensions. We show that, contrary to previous claims, most of the energy is radiated into the modes on the brane. This raises the possibility of observing Hawking radiation in future high energy colliders if there are large extra dimensions.

BACKGROUND Vapor diffusion is the most widely used technique for protein crystallization and the rate of water evaporation plays a key role on the quality of the crystals. Attempts have been made in the past to solve the mass transfer problem governing the evaporation process, either analytically or by employing numerical methods. Despite these efforts, the methods used for protein crystallizat...

In our previous article [1], we presented a simple phenomenological model for the description of production cross sections of superheavy nuclei in a wide range of excitation energies including cold, warm and hot fusion. The model assumes that the fusion hindrance, observed in cold fusion reactions where only one neutron is emitted prior to the formation of evaporation residue (ER), can be expla...

Water vapor plays an important role in the energetics of the boundary layer processes which in turn play a key role in regulating regional and global climate. It plays a primary role in earth’s hydrological cycle, in radiation balance as a direct absorber of infrared radiation, and in atmospheric circulation as a latent heat energy source, as well as in determining cloud development and atmosph...