measures of population health-health expectancies in particular-have become a standard for quantifying and monitoring population health. To date, cross-national comparability of health expectancies is limited, except within the European Union (EU). To advance international comparability, the European Joint Action on Healthy Life Years (JA: EHLEIS) set up an international working group. The work...

Foreign exchange rates have been subjected to periods of tighter or looser controls as various political and economic forces have waxed and waned. When currencies were backed by gold there were fixed exchange rates. In 1973 floating exchange rates were adopted though many countries did try to keep their currency values within certain ranges. More recently the European Economic Community formali...

BACKGROUND Data describing real-life management and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Europe are limited. REACH (http://NCT01293435) was a retrospective, observational study collecting data on the management of EU patients hospitalized with CAP. METHODS Patients were aged ≥18 years, hospitalized with CAP between March 2010 and February 2011, and requiring in-hospital treatmen...

We estimate and describe the incidence rates, mortality, and cost of CAP (community-acquired pneumonia), in both inpatient and outpatient settings, in the Czech Republic (CZ), Slovakia (SK), Poland (PL), and Hungary (HU). A retrospective analysis was conducted on administrative data from the health ministry and insurance reimbursement claims with a primary diagnosis of pneumonia in 2009 to dete...

This paper is devoted to the theoretical conceptualization of political-economic processes within the Eurasian Economic Union. The author elaborates on this project within the framework of “global regionalization” and regards it as a fledging “global region.” In this paper, the European Union is analyzed as a model of the existing global region. The Eurasian region also has its own specific tra...

United States is once again experiencing record levels of immigration. As with European immigrants arriving a century ago, concerns have been raised about the ultimate success of the new arrivals from Latin America and Asia (Suárez-Orozco and Suárez-Orozco 2001). Of particular concern are future prospects for children of immigrants who arrive with few human-capital resources and settle in racia...

In 2004, ten additional countries join the 15-member European Union. As a result, the nature of the community and its countries are predicted to change, including the economic freedom of individuals and organizations. This study uses classification tools to look at the Economic Freedom of the World index (EFI), examining the similarities and the differences in the economic freedom of the 25 aff...