The discovery of the opiate receptors in the central nervous system of man and subsequent identification of endogenous opiate-like ligands (enkephalins and endorphins) has provided a model for the analgesia, euphoria and addiction produced by the narcotics. In this article, the author reviews the background, biosynthesis and degradation, distribution, nociceptive transmission and analgesic effe...

Abstract This study investigates the impact of flows between bond and equity funds on investment factors over period 1984–2015. It determines contemporaneous mispricing effects a statistical reversal relation these both legs factor. The relationship previous factor is economically significant. A one-standard-deviation shock to causes 0.29% decrease in returns, which are reversed within 5 months...

Abstract A development imperative emphasising the economic benefits of mineral extraction has led researchers to speculate about whether minerals inflate citizens’ expectations and, due an upward shift in aspirations, cause a degree dissatisfaction. Using survey data from 18 Latin American countries, this study finds evidence ‘euphoric effect’ materialising among household concerning future cha...

The 19th century, referred to by historians as the “long century”, it lasted from beginning of French Revolution (in case Poland, time Partitioning) collapse “old” European order in wake Great War. For Poles living Austrian partition, twilight old era came November 1918, a month that can unquestionably be regarded “longest month” century”. It was which situation counties Western Galician change...

Romantic love is a three staged phenomenon including lust, attraction, and attachment. It involves a myriad of neurotransmitters meant to improve biological and cultural evolution by biochemically altering emotion and behavior. Important neurotransmitters and hormones include sex steroids, norepinephrine, dopamine, oxytocin, serotonin, and vasopressin. The responses involve a constellation of b...