The induction characteristics of etomidate, a new i.v. hypnotic agent, were studied in 400 patients. Two hundred were premedicated with atropine and anaesthesia was induced with 0.2, 0.25, 0.3 or 0.35 mg/kg of etomidate. The remainder received one of four standard premedications and anaesthesia was induced with etomidate 0.3 mg/kg. Involuntary muscle movements occurred in more than 60% of patie...

background: electroconvulsive therapy (ect) is usually given to people with severe depression which has not responded to other forms of treatment such as anti-depressants. ect may be accompanied by potentially significant medical complications including prolonged seizures, prolonged apnea, or cardiac or pulmonary complications. modification of ect with brief anesthesia and muscle relaxants shou...

Aims: We aimed to compare the effects of anesthesia induction on hemodynamic parameters ketamine-midazolam or etomidate-midazolam combinations and coronary artery bypass grafting surgery.
 Material Methods: 40 adult patients undergoing CABG were randomly allocated into two groups for this prospective randomized double-blinded study. Ketamine group (n = 20) Etomidate 20). Intraoperative pos...

BACKGROUND Etomidate is a potent hypnotic agent with several desirable advantages such as providing a stable cardiovascular profile with minimal respiratory adverse effects and better hemodynamic stability compared with other induction agents. This drug is associated, however, with myoclonic movements which is characterized by a sudden, brief muscle contractions as a disturbing side-effect. O...

INTRODUCTION External electrical cardioversion under hypnotics, even when combined with opioids, has been consistently described as distressing or painful. The main objective of the present study was to determine if adding an opioid to a hypnotic, in comparison to the same hypnotic alone, would decrease the incidence of unpleasant or painful recall during anaesthesia for external electrical car...

Sixty patients were randomly allocated in an open study to receive either midazolam or diazepam (Diazemuls) with fentanyl and etomidate for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia during day-stay gynaecological surgery. The excitatory effects of etomidate were controlled by the benzodiazepine-fentanyl combination in both groups. No significant difference in the quality of recovery (as judged b...

The study was undertaken to assess the value of etomidate in modifed E.C.T. and compare the results with thiopentone sodium. Fifty patients of schizophrenia, depressive illness and manic depressive psychosis requiring E.C.T. were studied with thiopentone and etomidate in two subsequent sittings. The results indicate that induction time is approximately same with both the drugs. The shorter reco...

We have studied the effect of thiopentone, etomidate and propofol on systemic vascular resistance (SVR) during cardiopulmonary bypass with constant pump flow in 30 patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass surgery. SVR decreased to 78% of control values after thiopentone 4 mg kg-1, to 72% of control after etomidate 0.3 mg kg-1, and to 68% of control after propofol 2 mg kg-1; it return...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate and evaluate the safety, recovery time, and side effects of general anesthesia with different doses of etomidate emulsion combined with remifentanil. METHODS One hundred ten patients of American Society of Anesthesiologists class 1 or 2 who underwent gynecological general anesthesia with a 1-3-hour operation time were randomly divided into t...

The gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor is a transmitter-gated ion channel mediating the majority of fast inhibitory synaptic transmission within the brain. The receptor is a pentameric assembly of subunits drawn from multiple classes (alpha1-6, beta1-3, gamma1-3, delta1, and epsilon1). Positive allosteric modulation of GABAA receptor activity by general anesthetics represents one l...