Intrasequence comparison of the type IIa Na(+)-P(i) cotransport protein revealed two regions with high similarity in the first intracellular (ICL-1) and third extracellular (ECL-3) loops. Because the ECL-3 loop contains functionally important sites that have been identified by cysteine scanning, we applied this method to corresponding sites in the ICL-1 loop. The accessibility of novel cysteine...

Two glucose clamp techniques were performed for 6 h starting 2 h before the initiation of feeding to investigate the effect of dietary propionate supplementation on insulin responsiveness to glucose and tissue responsiveness to insulin in relation to feeding in rams. The rams were fed alfalfa hay without (Cont diet) and with 10 mmol.kg BW-1.d-1 of calcium propionate (Prop diet) for 4 weeks in r...

The mechanism of the formation of propionate by the propionic acid bacteria has remained uncertain for many years but current evidence indicates its formation is by decarboxylation of succinate (review by van Niel, 1952). Johns (1951a) demonstrated that Micrococcus lactilyticus decarboxylates succinate very rapidly to propionate. Delwiche (1948) and Johns (1951b) have concluded that propionate ...

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of propionate supplementation on whole body glucose turnover in growing lambs fed frozen rye-grass at 1.5 x maintenance using [1-13C]-glucose. Intraruminal infusion of propionate (0.55 and 0.91 mol x d(-1)) increased the ruminal molar proportions of propionate from 25% with the control to 40% with the highest propionate treatment...

Propionate is a short chain fatty acid that is abundant as butyrate in the gut and blood. However, propionate has not been studied as extensively as butyrate in the treatment of colitis. The present study was to investigate the effects of sodium propionate on intestinal barrier function, inflammation and oxidative stress in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice. Animals in DSS group...

The effect of intrajugular injections of insulin, glucagon and propionate, administered singly and in combination, as possible peripheral feedbacks in the control of feed intake in wethers was studied. A complete mixed diet (25% chopped hay: 75% cracked corn) was fed ad libitum. The treatments were saline, 6 mU insulin/kg body weight (BW), 9 ng glucagon/kg BW and 1.3 mg propionate/kg BW. In Exp...

A rapid, simple to use and low-cost thin-layer chromatographic procedure in normal phase system with densitometric detection at 246 nm was carefully validated according to the International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines for assay of clobetasol propionate in topical solution containing clobetasol propionate in quantity 0.50 mg/mL. The adopted thin-layer chromatographic (TLC)-densi...

Propionic acid (propionate) is a commercially valuable carboxylic acid produced through microbial fermentation. Propionic acid is mainly used in the food industry but has recently found applications in the cosmetic, plastics and pharmaceutical industries. Propionate can be produced via various metabolic pathways, which can be classified into three major groups: fermentative pathways, biosynthet...

Ganglion-blockers, such as tetra-ethylammonium (TEA) and hexamethonium, enhance responsiveness to vasoactive agents, both pressor and depressor (1). In dogs, the renal arterial bed seems to contribute to the change in blood pressure response since, after giving TEA, adrenaline causes a larger increase and isopropylnoradrenaline (Isuprel@) a larger decrease in renal vascular resistance than in t...

The mechanisms by which the GABA and benzodiazepine (BZD) binding sites of the GABA-A receptor are allosterically coupled remain elusive. In this study, we separately monitored ligand-induced structural changes in the BZD binding site (alpha/gamma interface) and at aligned positions in the alpha/beta interface. alpha(1)His101 and surrounding residues were individually mutated to cysteine and ex...