Achievement of medical and public health goals requires mutual understanding between professionals and the public, a challenge in diverse societies. Despite their massive diversity humans belong to one species, with race and ethnicity used to subgroup/classify humans and manage diversity. Classifications are contextual and vary by time, place and classifier. As classifications show major variat...

Lung adenocarcinoma possesses distinct patterns of EGFR/KRAS mutations between East Asian and Western, male and female patients. However, beyond the well-known EGFR/KRAS distinction, gender and ethnic specific molecular aberrations and their effects on prognosis remain largely unexplored. Association modules capture the dependency of an effector molecular aberration and target gene expressions....

There is a limited amount of research on geographic differences in preventable hospitalizations for ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSCs) among children with autism. The purpose this study was to examine US regional potentially hospital admissions pediatric inpatients diagnosed Hospital discharge data six were obtained from the 2016–2019 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) under Agency Healt...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The purpose of this investigation was to test whether the gateway hypothesis of drug initiation sequencing applies equally well to high-risk African-American and Caucasian youth. METHODS The study sample (N = 618, mean age = 15.5, SD = 1.2) represented the population of residents in the Missouri Division of Youth Services (DYS) who had initiated marijuana and nicotine us...

OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to compare ethnic and gender differences regarding self-esteem and various disordered eating attitudes and behaviors among elite college athletes. METHOD A total of 1445 student athletes from 11 Division I schools were surveyed using a 133-item questionnaire. RESULTS White female athletes reported significantly lower self-esteem than Black female, Black m...

CYP2C19 polymorphism is associated with pretreatment drug response prediction, metabolism, and disposition. Pakistan consists of a population comprising of various ethnic groups residing in different regions of the country each claiming diverse ethnic origins. The identification of CYP450 genotypic composition of these populations is therefore necessary to avoid adverse drug reactions in these ...

OBJECTIVE To determine the substance-use patterns of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) student-athletes for alcohol, amphetamines, anabolic steroids, cocaine/crack, ephedrine, marijuana/hashish, psychedelics/hallucinogens, and smokeless tobacco. DESIGN Self-reported, anonymous, retrospective survey. PARTICIPANTS Male and female student-athletes from 30 sports competing at 991 ...