Generation of ground-truths is of great importance for unbiased performance evaluation of document layout analysis methods. This is especially necessary because many methods are claimed to be skew-tolerant. However, experimental evaluation of this fact is often based only on human subjective judgement and restricted to a few experiments. The main obstacle for obtaining human-independent and mor...

The Knowability Paradox is a logical argument which states that if all truths are knowable, then all truths are actually known. In 1963 Frederich Fitch published ‘A Logical Analysis of Some Value Concepts’[3]. This brief article appeared on the Journal of Symbolic Logic and it immediately became a classic of philosophical logic. It is in this paper that Fitch presented the Knowability Paradox, ...

The growing movement of political fact-checking plays an important role in increasing democratic accountability and improving political discourse [7, 3]. Politicians and media figures make claims about “facts” all the time, but the new army of fact-checkers can often expose claims that are false, exaggerated or half-truths. The number of active fact-checking websites has grown from 44 a year ag...

he or she is an executive of uncommon intelligence and curiosity: the brightest CEO you know or can imagine, perhaps. We like to pretend that our ideal reader has chartered us to prepare a briefing every month. On the agenda, we've been told, should be three kinds of items. First, our reader says, bring me important new ideas, research, or insights: " Boss, here's something you should know. " S...

In this chapter, I consider hard cases: truths about mathematics, morality, ontology, intentionality, modality, and a number of other domains. These are all domains outside the scope of chapters 3 and 4, such that there is some question about whether all truths in these domains are scrutable from more basic truths or from PQT I. It is easy for the treatment of hard cases to be comically brief. ...