Integration of ichnologic, sedimentologic, and stratigraphic studies of cores from Lower Pennsylva-nian oil and gas reservoirs (lower Morrow Sandstone, southwest Kansas) allows researchers to distinguish between estuarine-and open-marine deposits. This study represents one of the first published ichnologic analyses of a Paleozoic reservoir and, therefore, provides a unique opportunity to test t...

a r t i c l e i n f o The increasing fragmentation and degradation tendency of estuarine wetlands due to rapid urbanization in coastal areas exert the urgent need to quantify the structural characteristic of wetland network, which involves the fragmentized wetland patches for wetland restoration and conservation. Although wetland networks have already been used for conservation planning on a re...

introduction estuaries are very important aquatic systems as they preserve the coastal biota, are considered as a highly dynamic ecotones that include the mixing or transition zone between freshwater saline water and are fairly appropriate places for living a wide variety of fauna and flora. an estuary is a semi- enclosed coastal area where freshwater from rivers and stream mixes with saltwater...

Patterns of Sr/Ca variability in fish otoliths have been widely applied as tracers of movement between freshwater and marine habitats, with the assumption that low salinity habitats correspond to lower otolith levels of Sr/Ca. On the other hand, fluvial estuaries can contain steep gradients in Sr/ Ca, and in some estuaries, freshwater values of Sr/Ca can exceed marine values, which are relative...

Macrobenthic intertidal assemblages from five Atlantic Iberian estuaries were analyzed to develop an estuarine index. An R-mode analysis revealed a close association between the isopod Cyathura carinata, the polychaete Hediste diversicolor and the bivalve Scrobicularia plana. Although these species are abundant in all the estuaries considered, they tend to be absent from sites at the marine and...