The gonadal steroid estrogen exerts an important modulatory influence on the activity of multiple neuronal networks. In addition to classical genomic mechanisms of action, estrogen also exerts poorly understood rapid, nongenomic effects on neurons. To examine whether estrogen may exert rapid actions on intracellular signaling within gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons in vivo,we exami...

Sequences located upstream of the transcription initiation site of the Xenopus vitellogenin A2 (vit A2) gene contain a hormone dependent enhancer that confers estrogen control to the heterologous thymidine kinase (tk) promoter. As a minimal functional estrogen responsive element (ERE), we have defined the 13 bp palindrome GGTCACAGTGACC. This ERE binds estrogen receptor preferentially in vitro. ...

To analyze the interactions of steroid/nuclear hormone receptors with their DNA response elements, we used ultra low-volume microplates to develop a simple and rapid fluorescence anisotropy assay. The novel fluorescence anisotropy microplate assay (FAMA) was applied to the binding of estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER and PR, respectively) to their respective DNA response elements. The FAM...

The rapid, nongenomic effects of estrogen are increasingly recognized as playing an important role in several aspects of estrogen action. Rapid activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway by estrogen is among the more recently identified of these effects. To explore the role of estrogen receptors (ERs) in mediating these effects, we have transfected ER-negative R...

Expression of the rat á2u-globulin gene family is regulated in the adult male liver by a number of hormones, including growth hormone, thyroid hormone and several steroids. Upon injection into ovariectomized females, estrogens first induce á2u-globulin expression and then suppress this gene after several days of hormone administration. To study this phenomenon, we developed a mouse L-cell line ...

Estrogen exerts classical genomic as well as rapid nongenomic actions on neurons. The mechanisms involved in rapid estrogen signaling are poorly defined, and the roles of the classical estrogen receptors (ERs alpha and beta) are unclear. We examined here the in vivo role of classical ERs in rapid estrogen actions by evaluating the estrogen-induced effects on two major signaling pathways within ...

this paper presents a hybrid method for the optimization of forging process of an aerofoil blade. preform shape and die parting-line angle are optimized in order to minimize the volume of the unfilled die cavity, material waste, forging forces. the overall optimization scheme used in this research work includes a multi-objective approach that is combination of response surface and finite elemen...

217 words. Introduction: 790 words. Discussion: 1,240 words. Abreviations : AHR: Aryl hydrocarbon receptor; AhRE: Ah receptor response element (also named XRE, for xenobiotic, and DRE, for dioxin response element); AR: Androgen receptor; ARE: Androgen receptor response element; ARNT: Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator; bHLH: basic region-helix-loop-helix; CDT: Charcoal-dextran treat...

Postmenopausal women receiving hormone replacement therapy have a lower risk of coronary heart disease than women who do not receive hormone treatment. Multiple mechanisms are likely to underlie estrogen's cardioprotective action, including lowering of plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Using an in vitro system exhibiting normal regulation of LDL receptor (LDLR) gene transcriptio...