We have shown previously in the developing cerebral cortex that estrogen elicits the rapid and sustained activation of multiple signaling proteins within the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade, including B-Raf and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Using estrogen receptor (ER)-alpha gene-disrupted (ERKO) mice, we addressed the role of ER-alpha in mediating this action of e...

Regulation of the uterine expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors was studied in 20 three-month-old lambs that were not treated or treated with estradiol- 17beta. Determinations of receptors were performed by binding assays in the nuclear and cytosolic fractions, receptor mRNAs by solution hybridization, and estrogen receptor protein by an enzyme-immunoassay. Estradiol treatment decre...

Early exposure to the steroid sex hormone testosterone and its estrogen metabolite estradiol masculinize neural tissue during a developmental critical period. Many aspects of neuron anatomy and physiology are permanently altered, including later sensitivity to estradiol. Although it is well established that early hormone exposure alters neuronal responsiveness regarding classical estradiol acti...

A single transient dose of estradiol-17 beta is sufficient to elicit the permanent induction of hepatic estrogen receptor mRNA, which is induced 18-fold (from 0.13 to 2.4 molecules per cell) and then remains fully induced for at least 125 days. In primary liver cultures, extremely low concentrations of estradiol-17 beta, which are below the Kd of the Xenopus laevis estrogen receptor, maintain p...

Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent disease. The biologically active estrogen, estradiol, aggravates the pathological processes (e.g., inflammation and growth) and the symptoms (e.g., pain) associated with endometriosis. Abundant quantities of estradiol are available for endometriotic tissue via several mechanisms including local aromatase expression. The question remains, then, what mediate...

The endogenous concentrations and subcellular distribution of estrone and estradiol were measured in malignant and nonmalignant human breast tissue from pre- and postmenopausal women. The most striking finding was the significantly higher concentration of estradiol per g of tissue in the malignant tissues than in the nonmalignant tissues. The tissue concentrations of estradiol in pre- and postm...

The endogenous concentrations and subcellular distribution of estrone and estradiol were measured in malignant and nonmalignant human breast tissue from preand postmenopausal women. The most striking finding was the significantly higher concentra tion of estradiol per g of tissue in the malignant tissues than in the nonmalignant tissues. The tissue concentrations of estradiol in preand postmeno...

The calf uterine estrogen receptor (E2R) in the presence of sodium molybdate has been purified, 7,000-fold by a single passage over an estradiol affinity column. A dominant 70,000-dalton band and two minor bands at 50,000 and 30,000 daltons were observed by electrophoretic analysis. These bands had been eluted using estradiol, sodium sulfocyanate, CHAPS, and HEPES (pH 7.4) with insulin as a car...

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a transmembrane tyrosine kinase protein, Positive HER2 status has been linked with aggressive tumor behavior and resistance to cytotoxic endocrine therapies. Breast cancer complex disease the major cause of mortality in women worldwide. There are several subtypes breast many options for treatment. This study aimed know hormonal changes associat...