1 The research was sponsored by the Department for Communities and Local Government, UK. It was led jointly by the Local Governance Research Unit at De Montfort University, UK (Lawrence Pratchett) and the e-Democracy Centre at the University of Geneva, Switzerland (Uwe Seurdult and Fernando Mendez). Country reports were developed by specialist country analysts: Estonia Liia Hanni (e-Governance ...

The purpose of this article is to examine the tendency to express and promote autonomy in the socialization of children in Estonia, a society with rapid ongoing social, political and economical changes. Autonomy has been regarded as being self-initiating in actions, feeling ownership of them, and expressing one’s opinion, preferences and feelings. This contribution reviews the findings from our...

Gonorrhoea is a sexually transmitted infection with major public health implications and Neisseria gonorrhoeae has developed resistance to all antimicrobials introduced for treatment. Enhanced surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in N. gonorrhoeae is crucial globally. This is the first internationally reported antimicrobial resistance data for N. gonorrhoeae from Estonia (44 isolates cultur...

A needle trace method was used to reveal the chronology of needle retention on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in southern Finland (two stands) and northern Estonia (two stands). The average annual summer needle retention along the main stem varied from 2.2 to 3.1 in Estonian stands and between 3.4 and 4.2 in Finnish stands during the period 1966–1990. The 23-year-mean needle age was 3.0 and 2...

s book Journal of International Education for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IECCLM) Editorial board: Editor-in Chief Dzintars Ozolins (Latvia), Professor Leonid P Titov (Belarus), Professor Yuri Dekhtyar (Latvia), Professor Mario Malico D'Elios (Italy), Professor Irena P Shabalova (Russia), Associate professor Vitaly Smelov (France), Associate professor Anna V Olah (Hungary), Seba...

Gastric biopsy specimens from 156 adult patients from southern Estonia suffering from chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and perforated peptic ulcer were analyzed by PCR. The cagA gene was evenly distributed throughout 87% of the specimens from the patients with the different gastric diseases. The presence of the cagA gene correlated with that of vacA signal sequence type s1a (99%). Howev...

a INM Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Energy Materials Group, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany b IMS Lab., Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia c General Energy Research Department, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland d Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia e Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institut...

The paper addresses the experience of Estonia in strengthening democracy through the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) to bring decision-making closer to the citizen. The presentation focuses on e-Voting and enhanced use of ICT in democratic practices as key elements in achieving independence for everyone, disabled persons included. This paper draws on the analysis of seco...

This Chapter provides a legal assessment and opinion of adjustments to the Estonian framework in Estonia, which might be required foster consolidation water utilities. It was prepared analyse give an overview regulatory provisions support cooperation between municipalities WSS sector Estonia.