The performance of membrane elements operating in a reverse osmosis system is affected by the feed water composition, feed temperature, feed pressure, and permeate recovery ratio. Membrane compaction and fouling also affect membrane performance. Performance at a given set of system operating parameters can be calculated from nominal membrane performance at reference test conditions. I. FEED WAT...

One approach to the accurate determination of the pathogenic potential (pathotype) of isolated Escherichia coli strains would be through a complete assessment of each strain for the presence of all known E. coli virulence factors. To accomplish this, an E. coli virulence factor DNA microarray composed of 105 DNA PCR amplicons printed on glass slides and arranged in eight subarrays corresponding...

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) secretes many Esps (E. coli-secreted proteins) and effectors via the type III secretion (TTS) system. We previously identified a novel needle complex (NC) composed of a basal body and a needle structure containing an expandable EspA sheath-like structure as a central part of the EPEC TTS apparatus. To further investigate the structure and protein compone...

objective: escherichia coli (e.coli) o157:h7 is one of the most important pathogenic causes of hemorrhagic colitis in humans. cattle are the main reservoirs of this bacteria and vaccination is a key mechanism for its control. the intimin, translocated intimin receptor (tir), and espa proteins are virulence factors expressed by the lee locus of enterohemorrhagic e. coli. espa protein is a member...

The question of measuring and testing industrial spatial concentration based on microgeographic data with distance based methods has been addressed by Arbia (1996), Espa et al.(2010), Duranton-Overman (2005) and Marcon-Puech (2010). We discuss the basic requirements for such measures introduced by Duranton and Overman (2005) and we propose four additional requirements. We also discuss the null ...

David Peris, Conrad C. Labandeira, Enrique Pe~ nalver, Xavier Delcl os, Eduardo Barr on, and Ricardo P erez-de la Fuente Departament de Ci encies Agr aries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I (UJI), Campus del Riu Sec, Castell o de la Plana, Spain; Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Entomology and Behav...