A new thyristor is proposed and realized in the foundry’s 0.18-μm CMOS process for electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection. Without extra mask layers or process steps, the new ultra-low-voltage-trigger thyristor (ULVT thyristor) has a trigger voltage as low as 6.7 V and an ESD robustness exceeding 50 mA/μm, which enables effective ESD protection. Compared with the traditional medium-voltage-tr...

— In electronic systems the ever-increasing level of integration is paced by component scaling. Consequently, system level protection improvements in electrostatic discharge (ESD) reliability during a device's lifetime is mandatory. To this end we have investigated bidirectional system level ESD protection diodes that have been subjected to repetitive HMM stresses. Our goal was to develop robus...

Stricture frequently occurs after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for superficial esophageal carcinoma with near- or whole-circumferential mucosal defects, and post-ESD stricture is difficult to treat and usually requires multiple sessions of endoscopic balloon dilatation. Intralesional steroid injection has previously been used to prevent stricture; however, there have been few experien...

A novel low-trigger dual-direction on-chip electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection circuit is designed to protect integrated circuits (ICs) against ESD surges in two opposite directions. The compact ESD protection circuit features low triggering voltage ( 7.5 V), short response time (0.18–0.4 ns), symmetric deep-snapback – characteristics, and low on-resistance ( ). It passed the 14-kV human b...

In general, dose evaluation for mammography uses average glandular dose (AGD). In mammography, entrance surface dose (ESD) is high, which is well known, but actual clinical data of ESD are not reported so much. This study investigated AGD and ESD for patients whose doses were estimated from 200 mammography examinations using European Organization for Quality-Assured Breast Screening and Diagnos...

ESD/latchup are often two contradicting variables during IC reliability development. Trade-off between the two must be properly adjusted to realize ESD/latchup robustness of IC products. A case study on SERIAL Input/Output (I/ O) IC’s is reported here to reveal this ESD/latchup optimization issue. SERIAL I/O IC features a special clamping property to wake up PC’s during system standby situation...

A Cochrane systematic review showed that Early Supported Discharge (ESD) following a stroke is both a safe and cost-effective alternative to continued in-patient management. Currently it is unclear whether the health and cost benefits established in the research literature still apply when ESD services are implemented in practice. Our study aims to evaluate the implementation of stroke ESD acro...

BACKGROUND/AIMS This study aimed to compare the outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and gastrectomy based on the two sets of indications for ESD, namely guideline criteria (GC) and expanded criteria (EC). METHODS Between January 2004 and July 2007, 213 early gastric cancer (EGC) patients were enrolled in this study. Of these patients, 142 underwent ESD, and 71 underwent gastrec...

BACKGROUND Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) can be used as a less invasive treatment option for superficial esophageal cancer involving the muscularis mucosae (T1a-MM) or upper third of the submucosa (T1b-SM1). Additional treatment after ESD is needed to prevent lymph node metastasis. However, the efficacy of radiotherapy following ESD has not been well evaluated. Moreover, the clinical o...

AIM To investigate the efficacy of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) at diagnosing and treating superficial neoplastic lesions of the stomach in a United Kingdom Caucasian population. METHODS Data of patients treated with or considered for ESD at a tertiary referral center in the United Kingdom were retrieved for a period of 2 years (May 2015 to June 2017) from the electronic patient rec...