Plant defense responses are tightly controlled by many positive and negative regulators to cope with attacks from various pathogens. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ENHANCED DISEASE RESISTANCE2 (EDR2) is a negative regulator of powdery mildew resistance, and edr2 mutants display enhanced resistance to powdery mildew (Golovinomyces cichoracearum). To identify components acting in the EDR2 pat...

In this study, ITS–rDNA region was used to identify some anamorphic powdery mildews in Guilan province. According to the results, Erysiphe species on Vicia faba and Sesbania punicea showed 100% similarity to each other, however, without ITS sequence of holotype of E. sesbaniae it is impossible to make conclusion whether Vicia faba powdery mildew fungus actually belongs to E. sesbaniae or E. tri...

Im Rahmen dieser Studie soll eine Nahsensorikmethode zur Identifizierung und Quantifizierung von Pflanzenkrankheiten entwickelt werden. Die Komplexität verschiedener Pathogene einbeziehend, soll der Einfluss der Schaderreger Erysiphe graminis (Echter Mehltau) und Septoria tritici (Blattdürre) als Vertreter zweier unterschiedlicher Erregerklassen auf die Reflexion von Weizenpflanzen untersucht w...

Attack by the host powdery mildew Erysiphe cichoracearum usually results in successful penetration and rapid proliferation of the fungus on Arabidopsis. By contrast, the non-host barley powdery mildew Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh) typically fails to penetrate Arabidopsis epidermal cells. In both instances the plant secretes cell wall appositions or papillae beneath the penetration peg o...

Pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-trigged immunity (PTI) is the first defensive line of plant innate immunity and is mediated by pattern recognition receptors. Here, we show that a mutation in BR-SIGNALING KINASE1 (BSK1), a substrate of the brassinosteroid (BR) receptor BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1, suppressed the powdery mildew resistance caused by a mutation in ENHANCED DISEASE RES...

Empirical studies addressing questions of political information and/or sophistication are common and varied. Some assume the importance of an informed citizenry, and attempt to gauge the level, distribution, and correlates of political knowledge in the U.S. public (Hyman and Sheatsley, 1947; Kriesberg, 1949; Metzner, 1949; Berelson, et al., 1954; Hero, 1959; Withey, 1962; Erskine, 1962; 1963a; ...

Ratification of appointment of repositories by the International Mycological Congress is reported. The following two family names are recommended for conservation: Chrysotrichaceae against Pulverariaceae; and the teleomorphtypified Erysiphaceae against the anamorph-typified Oidiaceae. The following family name is not recommended for conservation: Dothioraceae against Saccotheciaceae. The follow...