A variety of revision treatments available for managing different types scars, including laser therapy, chemical peeling, cryotherapy, dermabrasion, soft tissue augmentation, intralesional steroid injection, and surgical excision. Rhytides, dyschromias, specific kinds scars are among the epidermal dermal lesions that successfully treated using erbium YAG lasers. In this study, use Erbium to tre...

An erbium-doped Lu3Ga5O12(LuGG) single crystal was grown by the Czochralski method. The crystalline phase in analyzed powder X-ray diffraction. erbium-ion emission spectra of were acquired. cross-section (ECS) spectrum computed from acquired spectrum. absorption (ACS) using McCumber relationship. results are discussed contrast to those spectrum, and comparison shows that both methods give consi...

The transmembrane potential of voltage-clamped squid giant axon is increased to compensate for a reduction in the rate of potassium channel kinetics when artificial seawater with trivalent erbium ion is substituted for artificial seawater. The additional potential required to produce an equivalent rise time is a measure of the potential shift produced by the erbium ions. When the kinetics of K+...

We report simulations of electrically pumped waveguide emitters in which the emissive layer contains silicon nanoclusters and erbium ions. Plasmonic coupling to metallic or semi-metallic overlayers provides enhancement of the radiative rate of erbium ions, enabling high quantum efficiency emission. Using 2D and 3D finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations we show that up to 75% of the li...

A widely tunable erbium-doped all-fiber laser has been demonstrated. The tunable mechanism is based on a novel tunable filter using multimode interference effects (MMI). The tunable MMI filter was applied to fabricate a tunable erbium-doped fiber laser via a standard ring cavity. A tuning range of 60 nm was obtained, ranging from 1549 nm to 1609 nm, with a signal to noise ratio of 40 dB. The tu...

Erbium-doped ZBLAN is the most commonly used glass for mid-infrared fiber lasers. In this paper we quantify energy dynamics of erbium ions which important improving performance mid infrared Previous studies have found a discrepancy between strength inter-ion transfer measured in bulk Er:ZBLAN and required to explain current laser performance. We 4I13/2 + -> 4I15/2 4I9/2 process directly range f...

Optical communication links are usually made with erbium-doped fiber amplifiers, which amplify the signal waves in a phase-insensitive (PI) manner. They can also be made with parametric fiber amplifiers, in which the signal waves interact with idler waves. If information is transmitted using only the signals, parametric amplifiers are PI and their noise figures are comparable to those of erbium...

Erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) has greatly helped in overcoming the propagation loses which are of biggest concern for next generation wavelength division multiplexing (WDM)/time division multiplexing (TDM) passive optical network (PON). This study is To characterize the performance of high-concentration EDFAs and the effect of the concentration quenching (homogeneous up-conversion and clu...

Erbium-doped fiber is a gain medium exhibiting homogeneous line broadening at room temperature, while a semiconductor optical amplifier has a dominant feature of inhomogeneous line broadening. In this work, a semiconductor optical amplifier is incorporated into the cavity of an erbium-doped fiber ring laser to form a hybrid gain medium. Theoretical analysis shows that such a gain medium support...

The feasibility of mid-infrared (MIR) lasing in erbium-doped gallium lanthanum sulfide (GLS) micro-disks was examined. Lasing condition at 4.5 µm signal using 800 nm pump source was simulated using rate equations, mode propagation and transfer matrix formulation. Cavity quality (Q) factors of 1.48 × 10(4) and 1.53 × 10(6) were assumed at the pump and signal wavelengths, respectively, based on s...