A computer code has been developed that uses an implicit nitedi erence technique to solve nonsimilar, axisymmetric boundary layer equations for both laminar and turbulent ow. The code can treat ideal gases, air in chemical equilibrium, and carbon tetra uoride (CF4), which is a useful test gas for hypersonic blunt-body simulations. This is the only known boundary layer code that can treat CF4. C...

In the present chapter some prototype gas and gas-surface processes occurring within the hypersonic flow layer surrounding spacecrafts at planetary entry are discussed. The discussion is based on microscopic dynamical calculations of the detailed cross sections and rate coefficients performed using classical mechanics treatments for atoms, molecules and surfaces. Such treatment allows the evalu...

Aims. The statistical equilibrium of neutral and ionized silicon in the atmospheres of metal-poor stars is discussed. Non-local thermodynamic equilibrium effects are investigated and the silicon abundances in metal-poor stars determined. Methods. We have used high resolution, high signal to noise ratio spectra from the UVES spectragraph at the ESO VLT telescope. Line formation calculations of S...

Equilibrium and nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations were conducted in order to evaluate the hypothesis that the hydrodynamic slip length is a surface property. The system under investigation was water confined between two graphite layers to form nanochannels of different sizes (3-8 nm). The water-carbon interaction potential was calibrated by matching wettability experiments of graphi...

Objective: This paper evaluates the influence of the specific Xe ventilation images used to calculate differential function in quantitative ventilation-perfusion lung scans. Methods: Whole-lung differentials were determined on 43 Xe ventilationfl mTc-macroaggregated albumin perfusion studies. Ventilation calculations were performed for the firstbreath, up to three equilibrium and the composite ...

The enthalpies of formation of metastable fee Ag-Cu solid solutions, produced by ball milling of elemental powders, were determined by differential scanning calorimetry. Experimental thermodynamic data for these metastable alloys and for the equilibrium phases are compared with both calculation of phase diagrams (CALPHAD) and atomistic simulation predictions. The atomistic simulations were perf...