The most noteworthy conclusion of image processing is a contrast enhancement. The most regular system for histogram equalization is utilized for retouching contrast within digital images. Histogram equalization is so advantageous and useful for image contrast enhancement method. Nonetheless, the traditional histogram equalization methods normally conclusion in surpassing complexity upgrades whi...

Histogram Equalization technique is one of the basic methods in image contrast enhancement. Using this method, in the case of images with uniform gray levels (with narrow histogram), causes loss of image detail and the natural look of the image. To overcome this problem and to have a better image contrast enhancement, a new two-step method was proposed. In the first step, the image histogram is...

The application of frequency domain equalization techniques makes single carrier modulation a potentially valuable alternative to OFDM, especially in regard to its robustness to RF implementation impairments. In this overview paper we survey recent results on single carrier systems with frequency domain equalization (SC-FDE), including comparisons and compatibilities with OFDM, and extensions v...

In this note, we introduce and study a concept of fuzzy equalization. Fuzzy equalization concerns a process of building information granules that are semantically and experimentally meaningful. The experimental relevance of a given information granule (fuzzy set) is directly linked with an encapsulation of a certain experimental evidence conveyed by the respective probability density function o...

Multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) system has become one of the major focuses in the research community of wireless communication and information theory. Due to the channel characteristics, severe inter-symbol interference (ISI) may occur to the transmitted signals. Therefore it is necessary to use an equalizer to counter the effect of the channel. The effect of fading and interference effec...

Histogram equalization is often used in image enhancement, but it can be also used in auto exposure. However, conventional histogram equalization does not work well when many pixels are concentrated in a narrow luminance range. This paper proposes an auto exposure method based on 2-way histogram equalization. Two cumulative distribution functions are used, where one is from dark to bright and t...

In this paper, the potential of orthogonal frequencydivision multiplexing-code-division multiplexing (OFDM-CDM) combined with the pre-equalization is investigated. The codedivision multiplexing (CDM) component within an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) system enables additional diversity in frequencyand time-selective mobile radio channels. While, by applying pre-equalization a...

A model scald tank was constructed to study the mixing pattern of water in a poultry scalding system. Tank dimensions were approximately 6 m long by 10.5 cm wide with a water depth of 18 cm. Water was vigorously agitated with compressed air delivered through a 1.9-cm polyvinyl chloride pipe on the bottom of the tank. Food coloring was added to the tank at a single point, and water samples were ...

This study attempts to provide an alternative methodology to calculate the horizontal equalization transfers. This methodology follows the Australian horizontal equalization principle using a panel model methodology where both revenue and expenditure side considerations are involved. First, it applies the Canadian model in calculating the fiscal capacity equalization. Then the expenditure side ...

A systematic approach to the analysis and design of a bi-directional Cûk converter for the cell voltage balancing control of a series-connected lithium-ion battery string is presented in this paper. The proposed individual cell equalizers (ICE) are designed to operate at discontinuous-capacitor-voltage mode (DCVM) to achieve the zero-voltage switching (ZVS) for reducing the switching loss of th...