In response to years of intense selection pressure by organophosphate insecticides, several different insecticide resistance mechanisms have evolved in natural populations of the mosquito Culex pipiens. We examined interactions between two of the most important mechanisms using a four-compartment model of insecticide pharmacokinetics. The joint effect of different mechanisms of resistance can b...

The literature on epistasis describes various methods to detect epistatic interactions and to classify different types of epistasis. Reconstructability analysis (RA) has recently been used to detect epistasis in genomic data. This paper shows that RA offers a classification of types of epistasis at three levels of resolution (variable-based models without loops, variable-based models with loops...

We consider the dynamics of a nonrecombining haploid population of finite size that accumulates deleterious mutations irreversibly. This ratchet-like process occurs at a finite speed in the absence of epistasis, but it has been suggested that synergistic epistasis can halt the ratchet. Using a diffusion theory, we find explicit analytical expressions for the typical time between successive clic...

Several genes positively influence final leaf size in Arabidopsis when mutated or overexpressed. The connections between these growth regulators are still poorly understood although such knowledge would further contribute to understand the processes driving leaf growth. In this study, we performed a combinatorial screen with 13 transgenic Arabidopsis lines with an increased leaf size. We found ...

Program pemuliaan tanaman dapat lebih efektif dan efisien jika terdapat informasi pewarisan sifat dari karakter yang akan dimuliakan. Namun, belum semua kualitatif pada buah tomat diketahui pola sifatnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh tentang beberapa tomat. dilakukan Januari – April 2020 di Kebun Percobaan IPB Leuwikopo, Bogor, Indonesia. Sebanyak 10 varietas Tora IPB, genotype GIK...

Parallel and convergent evolution have been remarkably common observations in molecular adaptation but primarily in the context of the same genotype adapting to the same conditions. These phenomena therefore tell us about the stochasticity and limitations of adaptation. The limited data on convergence and parallelism in the adaptation of different genotypes conflict as to the importance of such...

Specialism is widespread in nature, generating and maintaining diversity, but recent work has demonstrated that generalists can be equally fit as specialists in some shared environments. This no-cost generalism challenges the maxim that 'the jack of all trades is the master of none', and requires evolutionary genetic mechanisms explaining the existence of specialism and no-cost generalism, and ...

We show that higher order epistasis has a substantial impact on evolutionary dynamics by analyzing peaks in the fitness landscapes. There are 193,270,310 fitness graphs, or cube orientations, for 4-locus systems, distributed on 511, 863 isomorphism classes. We identify all fitness graphs with 6 or more peaks. 81 percent of them imply 4-way epistasis, whereas 9 percent of all 4-locus fitness gra...

The rapid accumulation of genomic data has led to an explosion of studies searching for signals of past selection left within DNA sequences. Yet the majority of theoretical studies investigating the traces of selection have assumed a simple form of selection, without interactions among selectively fixed sites. Fitness interactions-'epistasis'-are commonplace, however, and take on a myriad of fo...

The fitness effects of a mutation can depend, sometimes dramatically, on genetic background; this phenomenon is often referred to as "epistasis." Epistasis can have important practical consequences in the context of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). For example, genetic background plays an important role in determining the costs of resistance, and hence in whether resistance will persist in the a...