All beneficial effects of tea have been attributed to the strong anti-oxidative activity due to phenolic compounds catechins which protect the body from damage caused by free radical-induced oxidative stress (Jang et al., 2007). Carotenoids, flavonoids, cinnamic acids, benzoic acids, folic acid, ascorbic acid, tocopherols, tocotrienols are some of the antioxidants produced by the plant for thei...

Cells continuously produce free radicals and ROS as part of metabolic processes. These free radicals are neutralized by an elaborate antioxidant defense system consisting of enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and numerous non-enzymatic antioxidants, including vitamins A, E and C, glutathione, ubiquinone, and flavonoids. Exercise can cause an imbalance betwee...

AIM Nitrogen Mustard (NM) is an alkylating agent that damages cellular nuclear DNA after penetrating tissue. This results in cytostatic, mutagenic and cytotoxic effects. We used biochemical analyses to investigate the effect of NM gas administered through the dermal and respiratory routes, on the brain cortex of rats and also tried to show whether the antioxidant Proanthocyanidi...

This work evaluated the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense systems of avocados cv. Hass stored at 7 ± 0.5 °C for 10, 20, 30 d, stage edible ripeness. The enzyme system included superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), was composed total phenolic compounds (TPC), carotenoids (TC), α-, β-, γ-tocopherols, as well hydrophilic (H-AOX) lipophilic (L-AOX) activities. ...

Protective potential of propolis was evaluated against mercury induced oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymatic alterations in mice liver. Exposure to mercuric chloride (HgCl2; 5 mg/kg; ip) induced oxidative stress by increasing lipid peroxidation and oxidized glutathione level along with concomitant decrease in glutathione and various antioxidant enzymes. Mercury intoxication deviated the ac...

Chronic arsenicosis is a major environmental health hazard throughout the world, including India. Animals and human beings are affected due to drinking of arsenic contaminated ground water, due to natural mineral deposits, arsenical pesticides or improperly disposed arsenical chemicals. Arsenic causes cancer with production of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are neutralized...

During phagocytosis, phagocytic cells generate superoxide and other reactive oxygen species, which are involved in antibacterial activity. However, many bacteria possess antioxidant defenses that may explain their survival in inflammatory foci. These defenses include antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase, DNA repair systems, scavenging substrates, and competition with ph...

a vast majority of the studies addressing the free radicals including hydroxyl radical is a damage compound of biochemical molecules such as dna, proteins and lipids. when free radicals specially hydroxyl radical are not adequately removed from the body, it may damage biological macromolecules, leading to a variety of disease occurs. therefore, the body should be protected by an enzymatic or no...

Plants have evolved complicated regulatory systems to control immune responses. Both positive and negative signaling pathways interplay to coordinate development of a resistance response with the appropriate amplitude and duration. AtNUDT7, a Nudix domain-containing protein in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) that hydrolyzes nucleotide derivatives, was found to be a negative regulator of the ...

Plants respond to various stresses during their lifecycle among which abiotic stress is the most severe one comprising heat, cold, drought, salinity, flooding, etc. take a heavy toll on crop yield worldwide in every corresponding year. ROS has dual role mechanisms where, at high levels, they are toxic cells while same time, molecule can function as signal transducer that activates local well sy...