The implementation of the END (Environmental Noise Directive 49/2002/EC) has undoubtedly improved noise environmental policies across Europe and related development could be found even outside EU countries, since the attention to noise has been arisen. On the other side, its implementation is a challenging task for local administrations, as for new countries that are approaching to EU. Coexiste...

OBJECTIVE There is no safer way to transport a child than a school bus. Fatal crashes involving occupants are extremely rare events in the US. In recent years, school bus transportation began to develop in China. We want to bring advanced experience on school bus safety in Western countries such as the US to developing countries. METHODS We searched the papers related to school bus safety fro...

organizations in order to capture sustainability and competitive advantage need to pay attention to environmental issues throuoghout their supply chain. by decreasing costs, improving image and being protected against environmental laws it can lead to organizational competitive advantage. current research has been done investigating the relationship between green supply chain and capturing cope...

white-collar criminals are those who abusing their official occupations commit profitable, nonviolent crimes. the most important manifestations of white collar crimes are: fraud, corruption (including bribery), employment offences, consumer offences, drug and food offences, environmental crimes, cyber crimes, and customs offences. some manifestations of white collar crime have direct victims so...

Nanomedicine research raises ethical concerns beyond those covered by the Common Rule. Investigators and research institutions should comply with environmental and occupational health laws protect research staff and the environment. Though the IRB should concentrate on risks to human research participants, it should also consider risks to identifiable third parties. Investigators should also ad...

Because of the contingency and complexity of its subject matter, community ecology has few general laws. Laws and models in community ecology are highly contingent, and their domain is usually very local. This fact does not mean that community ecology is a weak science; in fact, it is the locus of exciting advances, with growing mechanistic understanding of causes, patterns, and processes. Furt...

As business rules are very common in business information systems, it is fundamental to analyze geographic rules in order to include them into geographic knowledge systems. The goal of this paper is, starting from examples taken overall from urban and environmental planning, to examine geographic rule semantics, and in particular to model space by combining logic and computational geometry. The...

Laws are costly to enforce. We explore the implications of this principle in a model where the design of the laws and their enforcement are determined jointly. A benevolent government trades off the benefit of a stricter legal standard with the cost of its enforcement. Therefore, legal standards and enforcement are complements, and increase in aggregate wealth. If bureaucrats are corruptible, t...

Because of the contingency and complexity of its subject matter, community ecology has few general laws. Laws and models in community ecology are highly contingent, and their domain is usually very local. This fact does not mean that community ecology is a weak science; in fact, it is the locus of exciting advances, with growing mechanistic understanding of causes, patterns, and processes. Furt...

A number of environmental factors can influence an adolescent’s risk for drinking, including parenting styles, an adolescent’s choice of peer groups, and even whether he or she is active in after-school activities. Alcohol advertising, the price of alcohol, and the degree to which underage drinking laws are enforced also play a role. It is difficult to establish the degree to which alcohol use ...