Since new drinking water regulations were implemented in England and Wales in 2000, cryptosporidiosis has been significantly reduced in the first half of the year but not in the second. We estimate an annual reduction in disease of 905 reported cases and approximately 6,700 total cases.

This longitudinal study examined the effect of the birth of the 1st child on relationship functioning using data from 218 couples (436 individuals) over the course of the first 8 years of marriage. Compared with prebirth levels and trajectories, parents showed sudden deterioration following birth on observed and self-reported measures of positive and negative aspects of relationship functioning...

Optical fiber sensing has been extensively studied in various areas such as aging deterioration measurement of constructed building, seismic measurement, environmental measurement. Optical fiber sensing systems are classified into two configurations. One consists of an optical source, an optical fiber transmission line, and sensing elements. The other consists of a fiber lasing system including...

Asexual species accumulate deleterious mutations through an irreversible process known as Muller's ratchet. Attempts to quantify the rate of the ratchet have ignored the role of temporal environmental heterogeneity even though it is common in nature and has the potential to affect overall ratchet rate. Here we examine Muller's ratchet in the context of conditional neutrality (i.e., mutations th...

Leli and Filskov (1979) reported cross-validated classification accuracy that equalled 83% for a discriminant function derived on two measures of intellectual deterioration. This investigation made a preliminary assessment of the clinical utility of this function through a clinical-actuarial classification paradigm. Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale Form I protocols from 12 nonpsychotic noni...

HEALTH ISSUE: Total fertility rates (TFRs) have decreased worldwide. The Canadian fertility rate has gone from 3.90 per woman in 1960 to 1.49 in 2000. However, not many studies have examined the impact on women's health of reduced fertility rates, delayed fertility and more births to unmarried women. This paper presents information on the relation between family size and specific determinants o...

Ageing in many organisms, including humans, is accompanied by marked alterations in both general and specific protein synthesis. Protein synthesis is normally under tight control by a broad array of regulatory factors, which facilitate appropriate rates of mRNA translation. Are the wide changes in protein synthesis simply a corollary of the ageing process or do they have a causative role in sen...

this paper presents an inventory model for deteriorating items in which shortages are allowed. it is assumed that the production rate is proportional to the demand rate and greater than demand rate. the inventory model is developed by considering four different circumstances. the optimal of the problem is obtained with the help of mathematica 7 software. numerical examples are given to illustra...

We live in an era of environmental deterioration through depletion and degradation of resources such as air, water, and soil; the destruction of ecosystems and the extinction of wildlife (Kondratyev, 1998; Kondratyev et al., 2004; Cracknell et al., 2009; Hansen et al., 2013; Freedman, 2014). As a matter of fact, environmental degradation is one of three main threats identified in 2004 by the Hi...