Introduction: Current energy sources are coming to end and one of the main priorities of the country’s management is the energy recovery from renewable energy. Considerable quantity of municipal solid waste (MSW) is one of the most serious urban pollution sources. Impact assessment matrix is a new and fast tool for Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). Materials and Methods: In this regard, r...

Successful economic development depends on the rational use of natural resources and on reducing as far as possible the adverse environmental impacts of development projects. Environmental assessment (EA) is a primary tool for achieving this objective, by inserting critical environmental information into the process of project identification, preparation, and implementation. Economic analysis, ...

This comprehensive and easy-to-read treatment of the various facets, history, and criticisms involved in risk assessment for environmental health focuses on tools and approaches used for humans in an environment involving potential chemical hazards. The first part introduces the underlying principles and techniques of the field, and the second examines case studies in terms of different risk as...

Over the past half century, environmental risk assessment (ERA) has become increasingly important in political decisions. It forms an important basis within the World Trade Organization’s Sanitary and Phytosanitary Agreement (SPS) and is an important touch point within the Convention on Biological Diversity. The scope of ERA is expanding rapidly both in the issues that it covers and in its role...

The objective of the Onchocerciasis Control Progininme (OCP) is to eliminate onchocerciasis as a disease of public îinportance and as an obstacle to socio-economic development. The OCP was initially based solely OIT the control of the blaclcfly vector, Simulium damnosum sensu lato, by insecticide spraying of the breeding sites on river systems, where larval stages develop. Results of monitoring...

While risk assessment continues to drive most environmental management decision-making, its methods and assumptions have been criticized for, among other things, perpetuating environmental injustice. The justice challenges to risk assessment claim that the process ignores the unique and multiple hazards facing low-income and people of color communities and simultaneously excludes the local, non...

combating desertification which is a serious threat for the environment and human welfare requires understanding complex issues of this phenomenon using evaluation, awareness of severity of it's processes and determination of it's factors. so here, after recognizing the characteristics of the region showing existence desertification, we assess its current status with emphasis on clima...

rapid urbanization has brought environmentally, socially, and economically great challenges to cities and societies. to build a sustainable city, these challenges need to be faced efficiently and successfully. this paper focuses on the environmental issues and investigates the ecological approaches for planning sustainable cities through a comprehensive review of the relevant literature. the re...

environmental impact assessment (eia) has led to the dominance of planners on the natural environment of the regions, providing the possibility of continuously monitoring and controlling the status quo by management staff. in this regard, a new semi-quantitative model is presented for the eia of the eastern alborz coal mining complex using the matrix method, and determining the corresponding im...