Conditions for detection and quantitation of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin by counterimmunoelectrophoresis are described. As little as 0.2 microgram of enterotoxin per ml could be detected. The test was found to be rapid, sensitive, specific and easy for the detection and quantitation of enterotoxin.

Transgenic plants represent an innovative platform for the cost-effective large-scale production of various pharmaceutical proteins. The eventual open-field production of plant-made pharmaceuticals (PMPs) requires risk assessment to determine the potential for harm to the surrounding ecosystem. In the present study, the environmental persistence of a transgenic maize-expressed antigen, Escheric...

Staphylococcus aureus D4508, obtained from a patient with nonmenstrual toxic shock syndrome (TSS), produced enterotoxin A while not making other known enterotoxins or TSS toxin 1. Concentrated culture fluids of the organism, administered subcutaneously in miniosmotic pumps, induced TSS-like symptoms (four of six animals succumbed). Identical culture fluids pretreated with anti-enterotoxin A ser...

Thirty-two strains of Escherichia coli belonging to a new O group, O166, were examined. Twenty-one strains had the flagella antigen H27, five had the H15 antigen, five had the H7 antigen, and one was nonmotile. All the H27 strains and the nonmotile strain produced heat-stable enterotoxin but not heat-labile enterotoxin. All the H7 strains produced heat-labile enterotoxin but not heat-stable ent...

The amino-terminal region of the enterotoxin of Clostridium perfringens was investigated by automated sequence analysis. The primary structure results revealed that the enterotoxin is composed of a single polypeptide amino acid sequence. Computer comparison of a 20-residue sequence with a sequence library of reported proteins revealed no significant chemical similarities, indicating that the en...

Extraction, concentration, and serological detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins from foods are laborious and time consuming. By exposing food extracts to an insoluble matrix tagged with specific anti-enterotoxin B, we have been able to recover the toxin from foods in a sensitive and rapid way. After mixing the reagents for 2 h at room temperature, immunoglobulin G antibodies were attached t...

The in vivo rabbit ileum was used to study the relationship of cholera enterotoxin-induced water and electrolyte secretion and mucus secretion and to determine whether the enterotoxin influenced the intestinal mucus blanket. In experiments in which luminal fluid viscosity was used to assess mucus secretion, it was found that while cholera enterotoxin induced a sustained secretion of water and e...

The prevalence of Clostridium difficile infections in HIV-positive patients with regard to the presence of its enterotoxin was investigated. Enzyme immunoassay (EIA, Meridian Diagnostic Inc) was used for the detection of C. difficile enterotoxin in stool specimens collected from 201 HIV-positive and 271 HIV-negative diarrheal patients. Culture was performed on cycloserine cefoxitin fructose aga...

This report examines the genetic basis for Salmonella typhimurium Q1 enterotoxin production. A 918-base-pair XbaI-HincII fragment of plasmid pJM17, composed of cholera toxin (CT) coding sequences (ctxAB), was used as a gene probe. With this probe, the S. typhimurium enterotoxin was identified on a 6.3-kilobase EcoRI-PstI fragment of chromosomal DNA from plasmidless strain Q1. We cloned this 6.3...

Aeromonas hydrophila secretes several extracellular proteins including enterotoxin, hemolysin and aerolysin that are associated with the bacterial virulence. Previous studies have shown that two hemolytic toxins, hemolysin A and aerolysin A contribute to the virulence of Aeromonas hydrophila. In the current study, a total of 50 strains of Aeromonas hydrophila, including 28 (56%) strains isolate...