The mechanism and sensitivity of the lagged response of tropical tropospheric temperature to El Niño– Southern Oscillation (ENSO) SST forcing are examined using the Quasi-Equilibrium Tropical Circulation Model (QTCM) coupled to a slab mixed layer ocean model, along with a simple analytical model. It is found that the lag and amplitude of tropospheric temperature response depend on mixed layer d...

El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is an important element of earth's ocean-climate system. To further understand its past variability, proxy records from climate archives need to be studied. Ice cores from high alpine glaciers may contain high resolution ENSO proxy information, given the glacier site is climatologically sensitive to ENSO. 5 We investigated signals of ENSO in the climate of th...

Epidemics of konzo have occurred during severe droughts in parts of east, central, and southern Africa since the 1920s. Occurrence is attributed to exposure to cyanide from poorly processed cassava foods, the sole source of calories when other food crops fail. El Niño, the warm phase of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), induces severe droughts in the geographical areas of Africa where ep...

This study examines the linkages between leading patterns of interannual sea level pressure (SLP) variability over the extratropical Pacific (208–608N) and the eastern Pacific (EP) and central Pacific (CP) types of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The first empirical orthogonal function (EOF) mode of the extratropical SLP anomalies represents variations of the Aleutian low, and the second E...

The study investigates the vulnerability of vegetation over Africa to El-Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events using the moving window statistical correlation analysis technique. The correlation analysis was done betweenNormalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data fromAdvanced VeryHigh Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and an ENSO index, namely Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI). The study devel...

Recent research has revealed new insights into the temperature, size, and variability of the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool (IPWP) and the nature of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Sea surface temperature (SST) reconstructions from foraminiferal Mg/Ca, alkenone, and revised coral Sr/Ca palaeothermometry agree that SSTs in the IPWP during the LGM were B3 C c...

The ocean and atmosphere are in constant exchange of heat, water, and momentum. The interaction of the ocean and atmosphere adds shades and rhythms in the structure of tropical climate. Ocean-atmosphere interaction research has experienced rapid growth in studying El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and yielded tremendous benefits by enabling and improving the prediction of ENSO and important ...

The impact of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on United States tornadoes has been a controversial topic in the last 15 years. Widely varied and contradicting conclusions exist regarding the topic, especially when attempting to correlate shifts in location of tornadoes to ENSO phase. For instance, Hagemeyer (1998) noted a tendency toward stronger, more frequent tornadoes in Florida during El...

The effects of amplitude and type of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on sea surface temperature (SST) predictability on a global scale were investigated, by examining historical climate forecasts for the period 1982-2006 from air-sea coupled seasonal prediction systems. Unlike in previous studies, SST predictability was evaluated in different phases of ENSO and for episodes with various...

Recently, it was reported that the relationship of the Indian southwest monsoon rainfall with El Niño– Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has weakened since around 1980. Here, it is reported that in contrast, the relationship between ENSO and the northeast monsoon (NEM) in south peninsular India and Sri Lanka from October to December has not weakened. The mean circulation associated with ENSO over thi...