Research on the effect of language skills on earnings is complicated by the endogeneity of language skills. This study exploits the phenomenon that younger children learn languages more easily than older children to construct an instrumental variable for language proŽ ciency. We Ž nd a signiŽ cant positive effect of English proŽ ciency on wages among adults who immigrated to the United States a...

Background/Context: Throughout schooling, English learners (ELs) perform well below their monolingual English-speaking peers on literacy assessments, and Hispanics make up the majority of EL students in the United States. There is a strong consensus about the importance of early English oral language skills for ELs’ literacy development, yet teachers are not adequately prepared to meet the need...

PURPOSE This study examined whether English-only vocabulary instruction or English vocabulary instruction enhanced with Spanish bridging produced greater word learning in young Spanish-speaking children learning English during a storybook reading intervention while considering individual language characteristics. METHOD Twenty-two Spanish-speaking children learning English (ages 4-6) who part...

The primary focus of studies in recent decades has been on multiple intelligence and critical thinking, which are frequently considered the main aspects enhancing second language (L2) learners' skills. This study examines extent to English teachers employ successful skills according following variables: years experience, gender, educational level. sample consisted 123 Ma'an, Jordan, who were ch...

This paper reports on the research carried out by a Portuguese university in scope of PESE – Professional English Language Skills for Employability Across EU project, which highlights importance appropriate skills workplace. The present study focuses labor market and identifies employers currently require from their employees based review job search website application questionnaires to 22 comp...