Fracture energy is regarded as an intrinsic (material) properties that dominates crack mechanisms and associated growth in concrete damage under applied stress. In recent times, significant advancements computing technology have driven the adoption of finite element analysis (FEA) methodologies necessitate integration constitutive models, includingthe traction-separation relationship derived fr...

The energy consumption of information and communication technology (ICT) is still increasing. Several solutions regarding the hardware side of Green IT exist, until now the software contribution to Green IT is not considered sufficiently apart from scientific research. In our paper, we discuss a new method of improving the energy efficiency of software during its development, by putting energy ...

Use of electric vehicles (EVs) has been viewed by many as a way to significantly reduce US oil dependence, operate vehicles more efficiently, and reduce carbon emissions. Due to the potential benefits of EVs, the federal and local governments have allocated considerable funding and taken a number of legislative and regulatory steps to promote EV deployment and adoption. With this momentum, it i...

The basal plane cleavage energy (CE) of graphite is a key material parameter for understanding many of the unusual properties of graphite, graphene and carbon nanotubes. Nonetheless, a wide range of values for the CE has been reported and no consensus has yet emerged. Here we report the first direct, accurate experimental measurement of the CE of graphite using a novel method based on the self-...

The problem on measurement of power and energy in single-phase and three-phase networks is always very important. The accuracy and precision of measurement is of equal importance for both manufacturers and consumers. The general problem is to determine the uncertainty of the energy produced in a specified power station and delivered to different consumers. Measuring instruments used for energy ...

A device is described for use in confirming the energy constancy of clinical electron beams. A wedge shaped absorber is placed over an ionization chamber leading to an energy dependent response. A measurement under the energy filter is divided by a measurement in air to correct for the inherent energy dependence of the chamber. A nearly linear response is demonstrated.