The present study is aimed at assessing the state of national identity among female students of Ahwaz Islamic Azad University and explores the social factors affecting upon it. The statistical society consisted of 8532 students at the three levels of associate diploma undergraduate and master degrees. The research method in this study is a “survey” and collection of data has been carried out by...

We study cosmological applications of the holographic energy density. Considering the holographic energy density as a dynamical cosmological constant, we need the Brans-Dicke theory as a dynamical framework instead of general relativity. In this case we use the Bianchi identity as a consistency relation to obtain physical solutions. It is shown that the future event horizon as the IR cutoff pro...

One of the most interesting aspects of strong interactions is the enormously rich and complicated hadronic spectrum that arises from such a simple high energy structure. How does exactly this spectrum arise from QCD is a question under study. The understanding of QCD at low energies is basically provided by ChPT [1], the low energy effective theory of QCD, which gives also some insight on the s...

We study the properties of fluctuation for the free energies and internal energies of two spin glass systems that differ for having some set of interactions flipped. We show that their difference has a variance that grows like the volume of the flipped region. Using a new interpolation method, which extends to the entire circle the standard interpolation technique, we show by integration by par...

Some practical applications of algebraic renormalization are discussed. In particular we consider the two-loop QCD corrections to the three-gauge-boson vertices involving photons, Z and W bosons. For this purpose also the corresponding two-point functions have to be discussed. A recently developed procedure is used to analyze the breaking terms of the functional identities and explicit formulae...

The function g (which contains the singular part of the free energy) must have a special symmetry that relates its values for dual arguments. (For example the function f(x) = x/(1 + x) equals f(x), establishing a duality between the arguments at x and x.) Eq.(VI.23) has the following properties: 1. Low temperatures are mapped to high temperatures, and vice versa. 2. The mapping connects pairs o...

We present the QCD corrections to Higgs boson self–energies for arbitrary momentum transfer and for different internal quark masses, to treat the case of CP–even, CP–odd and charged Higgs bosons which appear in extensions of the Standard Model scalar sector. Using Ward Identities, we then relate these results obtained by directly evaluating the relevant two–loop Feynman diagrams to the known ex...

Firstly, we describe fluctuations in the occupation numbers of the energy levels in the microcanonical ensemble using identities that we have derived for the purpose, which allow us to calculate the moments of the occupation numbers. Then we compute analytically the probability distribution of these fluctuations. We show that, for every system of finite N , fluctuations about the equilibrium di...