Since the introduction of Red Bull in Austria in 1987 and in the United States in 1997, the energy drink market has grown exponentially. Hundreds of different brands are now marketed, with caffeine content ranging from a modest 50 mg to an alarming 505 mg per can or bottle. Regulation of energy drinks, including content labeling and health warnings differs across countries, with some of the mos...

BACKGROUND Consumption of soft drinks is declining in many countries, yet energy drink sales continue to increase, particularly amongst young consumers. Little is currently known about the drivers behind these trends. Energy drinks are high in sugar and caffeine, and evidence indicates that regular or heavy use by under 18s is likely to be detrimental to health. This study aimed to explore chil...

THE FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION (FDA) ANnouncement on November 17, 2010, that caffeine is an unsafe food additive to alcoholic beverages will effectively make several “premixed” alcoholic energy drinks prohibited for sale in the United States. Additionally, the Federal Trade Commission has notified manufacturers that they are engaged in the potential illegal marketing of unsafe alcoholic drink...

Background Energy drink (ED) consumption is becoming increasingly popular among young Bahrainis, who may be unaware of the health risks associated with ED consumption. To date, there have been few publications on the consumption of ED in Bahrain, particularly among adolescents. This study seeks to fill a gap in the literature on energy drink consumption practices of Bahraini adolescents. Meth...

The aim of this study is to know the concentration of caffeine in energy drinks available in Bangladesh to ensure whether the caffeine concentration in energy drinks follow the FDA recommendation or not. Five (5) items (35 in quantity) of energy drinks available in Bangladesh were studied in this experiment. Caffeine content was analyzed and quantified of those common beverages by UV Spectrosco...

OBJECTIVE To assess the pH of regular and light cola-based drinks and energy drinks, and examine the acid neutralizing capacity by the addition of artificial saliva. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten packages of each product purchased locally at different stores were evaluated. The pH was measured by a pH-electrode calibrated in standard buffer solutions. To assess the pH neutralizing capacity, 1 ml/...

Energy and stimulant drinks which contain caffeine provide enlivening effects, reduce fatigue and improve concentration and endurance. However, consumers may also experience physical and psychological side effects as a result of excessive consumption of caffeine within these drinks. Caffeine is known to exacerbate or induce some psychiatric conditions such as anxiety, panic attacks, psychosis a...

Energy drinks are beverages which contain caffeine mostly together with the substances taurine, inosite and glucuronolactone, frequently in high concentrations. In the past there have been cases of fatalities with a possible link to the consumption of energy drinks in conjunction with alcohol intake or intensive physical activity without, however, a causal relationship being proved. Scientists ...

OBJECTIVE This study explored relationships regarding perceived stress, energy drink consumption, and academic performance among college students. PARTICIPANTS Participants included 136 undergraduates attending a large southern plains university. METHODS Participants completed surveys including items from the Perceived Stress Scale(1) and items to describe energy drink consumption, academic...