This study investigated the relationship between somatotype, level of competition, and performance in attack in elite level male volleyball players. The objective was to test for the potential covariation of competition level (Division A1 vs. A2) and playing position (hitters vs. centers vs. opposites) considering performance in attack. Anthropometric, body composition and somatotype variables ...

The somatotyping method is especially helpful in sports in which the body could directly influence the biomechanics of movements and the performance's results. The purpose of this study was to determine the somatotype of elite Italian gymnasts and to compare it in terms of competition levels. The sample comprised 64 elite gymnasts (42 females (F), somatotype 1.4-4.4-3.2; and 22 males (M), somat...

The aim of this paper is to discuss the "Framework for M&S with Agents" (FMSA) proposed by Zeigler et al. (2000, 2008) in regard to the diverse epistemological aims of agent simulations in social sciences. We first show that there surely are great similitudes, hence that the aim to emulate a universal "automated modeler agent" opens new ways of interactions between these two domains of M&S with...

This study compared the somatotype values of football players according to their playing positions. The study aimed to determine the physical profiles of players and to analyze the relationships between somatotypes and playing positions. Study participants were members of two teams in the Turkey Professional Football League, Gençlerbirligi Sports Team (GB) (N = 24) and Gençlerbirligi Oftas Spor...

Previous epidemiological studies suggested that patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip might constitute a definable subset of the population with characteristics that predispose them to joint failure. To investigate this possibility a comparative study of somatotype, bone density, disc degeneration, polyarticular joint degeneration, and soft-tissue calcification was carried out in 3 group...

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Body shape (BSP) and body image (BI) are part of the external physical structure, then modifications in body shape necessarily affect body image; however, both combined have not been studied. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the statistical relationship between BSP and BI in university students. METHOD Two hundred and ninety-six participants (17-35 years) w...

A right-sided, nearest neighbour cellular automaton (RNNCA) is a continuous transformation Φ : A−→A determined by a local rule φ : A{0,1}−→A so that, for any a ∈ A and any z ∈ Z, Φ(a)z = φ(az, az+1). We say that Φ is bipermutative if, for any choice of a ∈ A, the map A ∋ b 7→ φ(a, b) ∈ A is bijective, and also, for any choice of b ∈ A, the map A ∋ a 7→ φ(a, b) ∈ A is bijective. We characterize ...

The present study answers the question on how the human body changes in two successive decades after its final height had been reached. One hundred and three individuals (56 males and 47 females) who were followed up longitudinally by a team of scientists from birth to 18 years of age were investigated anthropometrically by 18 body measurements again when they reached the age of between 35 and ...

Different rugby positions make different demands on players. It therefore follows that optimum body composition may vary according to the position played. Using anthropometry and bioimpedance analysis (BIA) assess composition, present study aimed compare effect of sex variables using BIA methods. A total 100 competitive players (35 women 65 men) competing in First Spanish National League were r...

background: management is the most important factor in success and survival of organizations. managers thus have decisive vital role in development of any organization. the purpose of this research was to assess the opinions and perceptions of executives and academic experts about islamic management components. methods: this study used qualitative content analysis to evaluate 14 academics who h...